摘要
基于山西省13个农业气象观测站23年以上冬小麦主要发育期观测资料,利用线性倾向估计、相关分析和积分回归等数理统计方法对其基本特征、变化趋势、影响因素及影响敏感期进行了分析。得出以下主要结论:(1)从各主要发育期的多年平均情况看,各站之间以播种期差别最小、返青期差别最大;(2)南部和中部冬小麦的播种主要与降水有关,东南部则与气温关系密切;(3)越冬开始期以及冬后各发育期随纬度、海拔高度而变,纬度、海拔高度愈高,越冬开始期愈早、冬后各发育期愈晚,而且海拔高度的影响比纬度的影响明显;(4)从各发育期的变化趋势上看,拔节期和抽穗期表现为提前趋势,尤其是抽穗期的提前趋势明显,其余发育期变化趋势不明显;拔节期和抽穗期的提前趋势与冬前、冬季和春季的降水量以及日照时数关系不大,主要与冬季和春季平均气温有关;(5)不同时期的气温波动对冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的影响不同,南部冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的气温敏感期分别为3月上旬～中旬和4月上旬,气温每升高1℃可使拔节期和抽穗期分别提前0.6d和0.5d;中部冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的气温敏感期分别为3月下旬～4月中旬和4月下旬～5月中旬,气温每升高1℃可使拔节期和抽穗期分别提前0.5～0.8d和1～2d;东南部冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的气温敏感期分别为9月下旬和4月下旬～5月上旬,气温每升高1℃可使拔节期和抽穗期分别提前0.5d和1d。
Winter wheat was the main crop in Shanxi province; it was indispensable to analyze the effect of climate warming on winter wheat growth. With linear trend analysis, correlation, and integral regression method adopted, characteristics and its influencing factors of main growth stages of winter wheat were analyzed based on the data of 13 winter wheat agro meteorological observational stations over Shanxi province. Main results as follows： （1） between observational of turning green date was the longest on average. stations, the interval of sowing date was the shortest and it （2）In south and middle part of Shanxi province, whether winter wheat could be sowed or not, it depended on when rain would be across these area in autumn. The southeastern Shanxi often enjoyed their rainy weather in autumn, so meet temperature was crucial for sowing. （3） Other dates of main growth stages, expect sowing date, were related with latitude and altitude. The lower latitude and altitude were, the later date of o green, jointing, heading and maturing. Impact ver wintering was, but it was opposite for the dates of turning of altitude was more remarkable than that of latitude. （4） the dates of jointing and heading had seen a forward trend, especially heading. This was caused by the wanner and warmer winter and spring. （5） Temperature change in different stages of the whole winter wheat growth season would result in different impact to dates of jointing and heading. In south, middle, and southeast part of Shanxi, to the date of jointing, the key period was from the first ten days to the middle ten days of March, the last ten-day of March to the middle ten days of April, and the last ten-day of September, respectively. If temperature would rise by 1℃, this would bring the date of jointing forward for 0.6d, 0.5-0.8d, and 0.5d, respectively. For the date of heading, it was the first ten days of April, the last ten-day of April to the middle ten days of May, and the last ten-day of April to the first ten days of May, respectively. And the date of heading would be forward for 0.5d, 1-2d and ld, respectively.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2008年第11期438-443,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
山西省科技攻关项目"山西省农业气象灾害监测预警服务系统研究"(20080311086)
山西省气象局科研项目"基于GIS的山西省霜冻灾害发生规律研究"(SXKYBQH20082010)共同资助。
关键词
发育期
气候变暖
冬小麦
山西省
growth stages, climate warming, winter wheat, Shanxi province
