摘要
以中优9507为材料,采用大田试验的方法,研究了喷灌和地面灌溉条件下冬小麦干物质积累、分配和运转状况。试验结果表明:与对照地面灌溉相比,在冬小麦生长的中前期(分蘖期～拔节期),喷灌条件下冬小麦地上部干物质总量较小,但是在冬小麦生长的中后期(抽穗期～成熟期),喷灌有利于植株对干物质的积累,其干物质总量明显高于地面灌溉条件下;在抽穗前,喷灌和地面灌溉条件下各器官干物质的分配率差异不显著,在抽穗后的灌浆期,喷灌条件下叶片、籽粒中的干物质分配率提高,其茎鞘的干物质分配率则降低;喷灌条件下叶片、颖壳、茎鞘贮藏物质的转化率均低于地面灌溉,其抽穗后生产的干物质对籽粒的贡献率较地面灌溉显著提高;喷灌条件下冬小麦的结实率、千粒重、产量分别较地面灌溉提高了5.9%1、.23 g、491.4 kg/hm2,差异在处理间均显著;喷灌条件下冬小麦的耗水量小于地面灌溉,水分利用效率高于地面灌溉。
Using Zhongyou 9507 as experiment material, a field experiment was conducted to investigate dry matter accumulation, partitioning and translocation in winter wheat under sprinkler and surface irrigation conditions. The results were as follows： Compared with that under surface irrigation condition, the total amount of dry matter accumulation of the winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation condition was lower from tillering stage to jointing stage, while the total amount of dry matter accumulation under sprinkler irrigation condition was markedly higher from heading stage to mature stage. In addition, sprinkler irrigation had no significant effect on the partitioning rate of winter wheat before heading stage, however sprinkler irrigation decreased the partitioning rate of dry matter to stem and sheath, and promoted the partitioning rate of dry matter to leaf and grain, especially to grain during grain filling stage. The translocation rates of originally stored dry matter of leaf, glume, stem and sheath transporting to spike were declined under sprinkler irrigation, while the rate of dry matter accumulation after heading contributing to grain yield was increased under sprinkler irrigation. Compared with that under surface irrigation condition, the grain ripening percentage, 1000 grains weight and grain yield of winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation condition increased by 5.9%, 1.23 g, 491.4 kg/hm^2, respectively, and the differences between them were significant. Evapotranspiration was lower and water use efficiency was higher under sprinkler irrigation condition than those under surface irrigation condition.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期51-56,共6页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-003)
天津市科技发展计划项目(06YFGZNC00100,06YFGZNC06700)
宁夏农业综合开发领导小组办公室委托项目(2004-2007)
中国科学院百人计划(康跃虎)
关键词
喷灌
地面灌溉
冬小麦
干物质
积累
分配
运转
sprinkler irrigation
mode surface irrigation
winter wheat
dry matter
accumulation
partitioning
translocation
