摘要
由于生土窑洞特定的构筑材料和结构支撑形式,其抵抗灾害的能力对自然地质条件非常敏感。人们在长期的实践中,对于窑居的选址、挖建、使用和维修积累了丰富的经验,这些经验数千年来大多以口传心授的方式在民间工匠中流传和演进,没有形成系统的理论,也很少见于文字,但却具有很高的科学含量和丰富的智慧。在科学技术高度发达的今天,这些原始粗放的技术和工艺已不再被人们所使用,但科学合理的窑居防灾营造是祖先留给后代的宝贵财富。本文分析了生土窑洞发生的灾害及原因,总结了民间防灾减灾的营造技术和方法,揭示了黄土窑居千百年来建造过程中所遵循的"尊重自然、服从自然"的构造规律。
Due to the special building material and structural supports of earth-sheltered dwellings, their capacity of preventing and fighting natural adversities was very sensitive to the natural geological conditions. In long practice. People had accumulated rich experiences for the selection of site, digging, use and maintenance of caves which had been passing down from generation to generation mostly through oral forms without forming systematic theories and literature. However, they had very high scientific implication and involved rich wisdom. Today, man had come to high advanced scientific and technologic society in which these raw techniques and arts had not been used anymore. However, the method of making earth-sheltered dwellings scientifically and rationally was the treasure that our ancestors passed down to us. In this paper the natural disasters and causes happening to earth-sheltered dwellings were analyzed, and the building techniques and methods of preventing and reducing natural disasters were summarized so as to reveal the scientific laws of ＂respect nature, obey nature＂ by labor workers in the process of construction of caves.
出处
《建筑科学》
北大核心
2008年第12期17-21,共5页
Building Science
关键词
生土窑居
灾害
民间工艺
防灾减灾
earth-sheltered dwelling, natural disasters, folk crafts, preventing and reducing natural disasters
