摘要
目的分析我国鼠疫病例的流行病学特征，掌握我国人间鼠疫发生、发展的规律，为今后鼠疫防治工作提供科学依据。方法收集1981—2006年我国人间鼠疫疫情的现场调查和病历等相关资料，分析鼠疫流行病学特征。结果1981—2006年在我国9个省（区）共发生鼠疫病例917例，死亡105例，死亡率11．45％，分布在69个县（市、旗）。其中青海108例，分布于17个县（市）；贵州137例，分布于2个县（市）；云南517例，分布26个县（市）。在1983、1990、1996、2000年鼠疫病例数出现4次高峰，分别为25、75、98和254例。青海主要传播途径为空气飞沫传播、接触剥食旱獭；西藏主要传播途径有接触旱獭、空气飞沫传播；新疆、甘肃两地为接触旱獭等染疫动物和跳蚤叮咬；内蒙古为剥食染疫动物；而广西、贵州和云南为跳蚤叮咬。917例病例中腺鼠疫750例，死广4例（该4例全部来自两藏），病死率0．53％；肺鼠疫121例，死亡65例，病死率53.72％；败血型鼠疫31例，死亡30例（内蒙古治愈1例），病死率96．77％。其余脑鼠疫、肠鼠疫、扁桃体鼠疫、鼠疫蜂窝组织炎等病型的病例全部治愈。结论自1990年以来，我国人间鼠疫流行的范围和强度较1981—1990年有不断加大且有逐渐上升的趋势。
Objective To summarize the epidemiological feature of plague cases occun＇ed in China. Methods The epidemiologieal and clinical data from 1981 to 2006 year in China were analyzed with descriptive study method. Result Nine hundred and seveneteen human plague cases were diagnosed in 9 provinces（regions） from 1981 to 2006 years, 105 eases died, the mortality rate being 11.45%, and they distributed in 69 counties （cities or banners）. In Qinghai Province 108 cases were diagnosed, the mortality rate was 46.30%（50/108）, the cases distributed in 17 counties（cities）; 137 eases in Guizhou, distributing in 2 counties（cities）; 517 cases in Yonnan, distributing in 26 counties（cities）. Plague cases peaked separately in 1983,1990, 1996 and 2000 years, they were 25,75,98 and 254 separately. The principal spreading ways were breathing flying particles, touching, skinning and eating marmot in Qinghai; 750 cases were of bubonic plague, among whom 4 cases in Tibet died, the fatality rate was 0.53（4/750）; 121 eases were of pneumonic plague, among whom 65 cases died, was accounting for 53.72%（65/121 ） ; 31 cases were of septicaemic plague, and 30 cases died（one cases was cured in Inner Mongolia）, accounting for 96.77% （30/31）. Others were brain plague, intestinal plague, tonsil plague and plague cellulites, which were cured. Conclusion From 1990, human plague epidemical scope and intensity is enlarging continuously eompared with 1980 - 1990 and there is a trend of going up gradually in China.
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期651-653,共3页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
关键词
鼠疫
流行病
分析
Plague
Epidemiology
Analysis
