摘要
目的通过对广州市某造纸企业职业病危害控制效果评价,提出相应的控制技术和措施,并探讨适用于职业病危害评价的"危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)"体系。方法运用HACCP原理,对造纸企业的生产工艺、作业环境进行职业卫生调查和检测,识别各种职业病危害因素,分析其危害程度及对劳动者健康的影响,并据此找出关键控制点,提出预防控制措施,评价职业病危害防护措施及其效果。结果造纸企业存在的职业病危害因素主要有化学毒物、粉尘、噪声、高温、生物致病菌等,职业病危害控制措施中选址和总体布局、生产工艺及设备布局、职业病防护设施、辅助用室、个人防护用品、应急救援设施、职业卫生管理措施等应为工作重点,且应基本符合职业卫生要求。而针对工程防护、个人防护、管理防护三方面的关键控制点实施监控,可有效控制和消除造纸企业职业病危害。结论HACCP可以运用到建设项目职业病危害评价中,为预防、控制和监督工业企业职业病危害提供科学依据。
Objective Through the assessment of control effect on occupational hazards at a paper mill in Guangzhou city, to explore the possibility of using hazard analysis and critical control point （HACCP） as a suitable system in evaluating occupational hazards. Methods The technological process and working environment were investigated in a paper mill according to the basic rule, and the occupational hazards in all working posts were identified; then based on the severity degree of health damage of the occupational hazards on workers, the key control points, preventive measures and evaluation principles were determined. Re- suits The investigation showed that the main occupational hazards existed in the paper mill were poisonous chemicals, dust, noise, high temperature, pathogenic bacteria, etc. , therefore, in construction project items, the selection of mill site, overall layout, producing technology and process, equipment arrangement, prevention facilities for occupational hazards, personal pro- tective equipment, emergency rescue services and occupational health administration measures should be the key-points and basi- cally consistent with the requirements of occupational health ; while the engineering protection, personal protection and manage- ment protection three critical control points could certainly be effective in control and eliminate occupational hazards in the paper mill. Conclusions HACCP can be well applied in the assessment of occupational hazards in construction projects, which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control and supervision of occupational hazards in the industrial enterprises.
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2008年第6期357-360,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
基金
广州市医药卫生科技项目(2006-YB-123
2007-YB-115
2008-YB-114)
关键词
职业病危害
危害分析与关键控制点体系
造纸企业
Occupational hazard
Hazard analysis and critical control point （HACCP）
Paper mill
