摘要
土壤动物是湿地生态系统结构的重要组成部分,其群落结构及其变化研究,可为深入揭示湿地生物多样性及其功能提供基础资料。在2005年生长季,对三江平原典型湿地土壤动物进行了野外调查和室内分离、鉴定。结果表明,典型湿地土壤动物隶属5门12纲27目45科,优势类群为真螨目(Acariformes)、鞘翅目成虫(Coleop-tera adult)、线虫(Nemata)和柄眼目(Stylommatophora)4类,常见类群9类,稀有类群19类;优势种群和常见种群都具有明显的季节动态变化。多样性分析表明,整个生长季典型湿地类型土壤动物多样性指数为2.32,丰富度指数为3.85,均匀度指数为0.68,优势度指数为0.15。类群数、多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数,在温、湿条件优越的8月最大,降水较少的6月最小。优势度指数6月最大,个体数量在类群分布上比较集中。土壤动物功能类群可划分为腐食性、捕食性和植食性土壤动物,其数量比例关系整体上表现为腐食性土壤动物最多,其次为捕食性土壤动物和植食性土壤动物。土壤动物垂直分布格局研究表明,除了10月外,其他各月都表现为明显的表聚性;10月的逆向分布格局是由于表层土壤温度低造成的。
Soil fauna is a main component of the terrestrial ecosystem and play an important role in ecosystem material cycling. Investigation of soil fauna may provide fundamental data for studying biodiversity and functions in the wetland. By the field investigation and experimental measurement, the characteristics of soil fauna community structure in the model wetlands, the Sanjiang Plain was studied during growing seasons in 2005. Soil fauna which were extracted from the island forest could be sorted into 5 phyla, 12 classes,27 orders and 46 families, which including 4 dominant groups （Acariformes, Coleoptera adult, Nemata, Stylommatophora）, 9 common groups and 19 rare groups. The significant seasonal changes of the component and number of dominant groups and common groups can be found. In the whole growing seasons, the diversity index, the rich index, the even index and the dominant index was respectively 2.32, 3.85, 0.68 and 0. 15. The maximum values of the group number, the diversity index and the evenness index of soil fauna all appeared in August. The maximum and the minimum values of the dominant index appeared in June and August respectively. The vertical distribution of soil fauna indicated the individuals and groups of soil fauna were mainly distributed in the surface of the soil, except in October. The reversed distribution structure in October was determined by the soil temperature structures. The soil fauna functional groups can be divided into the saprophagous, carnivorous and phytophagous which showed the order of saprophagous （carnivorous phytophagous, according to the numbers of individuals and groups numbers.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2008年第4期459-465,共7页
Wetland Science
基金
全球环境基金/中国国家林业局/联合国开发计划署项目(CPR/98/G32)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-46-06)
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态所前沿领域项目(KZCX3-SW-NA3-01)资助
关键词
土壤动物
多样性
格局
功能类群
三江平原湿地
soil fauna
biodiversity
structure
functional groups
wetland of the Sanjiang Plain
