摘要
目的 探讨四川省开江县流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）疫情动态及发病趋势。方法 对2002—2006年开江县乙脑病例进行个案调查，取早期血进行IgM检测，每年5月取≤10岁儿童血和6—7月各旬分别取猪血进行IgG检测。检测方法采用酶联免疫吸附法。结果 2002—2006年乙脑平均发病率为3．25／10万，平坝浅丘显著高于山区深丘地区（P〈0．01）。7、8月发病占65．93％，男性多于女性，1～6岁儿童占83．52％。2002—2006年儿童抗体阳性率呈上升趋势，各年龄组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。猪乙脑阳性率各年度差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01），2002—2005年阳性高峰在7月中、下旬，2006年在6月中旬。临床病例血清学确诊率为72．13％。结论 2006年猪阳性率高峰和人间发病高峰均较常年提前，原因可能与当地气温升高、蚊媒数量增加和免疫水平有关。提高7岁以下儿童乙脑疫苗接种率和覆盖率，做好防蚊灭蚊工作是开江县控制乙脑发生和流行的关键措施。
Objective The present study was designed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Kaijiang, Sichuan. Methods Case study of JE was performed from 2002 to 2006, ELISA was used to detect IgM from blood samples of acute phase cases and IgG from blood samples of children under age 10 taken in May each year and swine blood samples taken in June and July each year. Results The annual average incidence was 3.25/lakh with higher rate observed in plain/hill area than in mountain area （P〈0.01）. The cases which occurred in July and August accounted for 65.93% of the total cases, male cases were more than female cases. The cases among children aged 1-6 years accounted for 83.52%. During 2003-2006, the antibody positive rate in children showed an increase trend without statistical difference by gender （P〉0.05）, but with significant difference by age （P〈0.01）. The annual difference on the positive rate of JE among pigs was significant statistically （P〈0.01） with the peak occurred in mid or late July, 2002-2005 and mid-June, 2006. The serological confirmation rate of clinical cases was 72.13%. Conclusion The peak of JE antibody positive rate in pigs and the peak of human case shifted to an earlier date than usual in 2006, which may be due to elevated temperature, increased mosquito density and immunity level. Therefore, it is vital to increase the vaccination coverage rate of JE vaccine for children under 7 years of age and improve mosquito control activity to control the incidence and prevalence of JE.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2008年第11期707-710,共4页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
流行性乙型脑炎
儿童抗体
猪抗体
监测
Japanese encephalitis
children antibody
swine antibody
surveillance
