摘要
目的分析急性农药中毒发病情况及网络直报系统运转情况,探讨其发病规律及可行的防治对策。方法通过对蚌埠市农药中毒网络直报卡进行流行病学分析,了解急性农药中毒的原因及特征,同时采用随机抽样方法对全地区21家医疗机构进行漏报调查。结果2007年度全市共发生各类农药中毒550例,年发病率为15.48/10万,农药中毒的类型以非生产性农药中毒为主。生产性农药中毒124例(22.55%),男性多于女性,有明显的季节分布,病死率为0;非生产性农药中毒426例(77.45%),女性多于男性,无明显的季节分布,病死率为3.52%。15～55岁年龄段中毒人数占全部中毒者的71.27%;毒性较高且价格相对便宜的有机磷农药是引起农药中毒的主要品种。我市农药中毒网络直报系统运转基本正常,职业病危害因素监测与网络直报系统的运行时间不长,各级医疗机构农药中毒漏报率为35.98%,及时率为66.28%。乡镇卫生院农药中毒漏报情况最为严重,漏报率为60.71%。结论通过各种渠道普及、安全、合理使用及储存保管农药的知识,加强对农药的监管力度,是控制和减少农药中毒的关键;加强相关专业人员的培训,提高他们及时、准确地上报农药中毒病例的意识,是职业病危害因素监测与网络直报系统正常运行的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic factors of acute pesticide poisoning and network operating systems, and to explore its regularity of the poisoning and the feasibility of controlling measures. Methods Through the direct-report card of pesticide poisoning network system in Benghu City, an epidemiological analysis was carried out to understand the cause of acute pesticide poisoning and characteristics. A field investigation was also conducted in 21 medical institutions randomly selected in the region. Results In 2007, totally 550 cases of various types of pesticide poisoning happened with the incidence rate of 15.48/100 000 and the main poisoning type of non-productive. 124 cases （22. 55% ） of productive pesticide poisoning were recorded, showing more men were intoxicated and an obvious seasonal distribution with the mortality rate being 0. Meanwhile, more women were seen in 426 cases （77.45%） of unproductive pesticide poisoning but without significant seasonal distribution with the mortality of 3.52%. 71.27% of the poisoning were observed at the age group of 15 to 55 years old. Relatively high-toxic and inexpensive organo-phosphorus were the main cause of poisoning. The pesticide poisoning network operating system was basically normal, and the time period for monitoring occupational disease risk factors and reporting was not too long. The rate of miss-reported for pesticide poisoning in medical institutions was 35. 98% and the timely rate was 66. 28%. The situation in township hospitals was the most serious, and the missing rate was 60. 71%. Conclusion It＇s the key to control and reduce pesticide poisoning through the increasing of knowledge on safe and reasonable use and storage of pesticides and through the strengthening of supervision on pesticide. Professional training on their timely and accurately reporting of pesticide poisoning are the important factor in the direct-report card of pesticide poisoning network system.
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2008年第6期485-488,共4页
China Occupational Medicine
关键词
农药中毒
流行病学
网络直报
调查分析
Pesticide poisoning
Epidemiology
Direct network reported
Investigation and analysis
