摘要
在本刊连续5年评选年度"中国重大科学、技术与工程进展"的基础上,继续本着"分门别类、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实、以时为序"的原则,从《科技导报》"半月科技新闻媒体关注指数排行榜"、"半月科技风云"、"国内外科技要闻"、"科学共同体要闻"、"科技事件"、"封面图片说明"等栏目,以及国内外重要学术期刊和科技新闻媒体所刊载的有关重大国内科技新闻中,按"科学"、"技术"和"工程"3个类别,由本刊编辑部遴选出:①2008年中国重大科学进展10项:提出三维"伊辛模型"精确解猜想,获得临界温度为43K的铁基超导体,成功分离出控制水稻广亲和性状的主效基因S5,精确定出银河系质量约为1千亿个太阳质量,证实玻恩-奥本海默近似在氯加氢高能反应中有效,首次探测到分子的自旋态构型和超交换作用,研究出不用氨基酸作原料的多肽合成方法,发现暗物质粒子湮灭可能证据,发现胡氏耀龙化石为揭开鸟类起源提供新证据,发现"半甲齿龟"化石有助揭开龟甲形成之谜;②2008年中国重大技术进展10项:成功锻造出世界首件第三代核电蒸发器锥形筒体,发明控制转基因水稻"意外传播"技术,首艘自主设计、自行建造液化天然气运输船交付船东,"一步法纺丝"新工艺问世,黄磷燃烧热能利用难题被破解,中国大陆第一条OLED大规模生产线投产,研制成功首台低温超导除铁器,曙光5000A高性能计算机进入世界前十行列,中国第一片8英寸键合SOI晶片研制成功,研制成功2210kW特大功率采煤机;③2008年中国重大工程进展10项:首都国际机场T3航站楼正式启用,京沪高速铁路全面开工建设,大型客机研制项目正式启动,奥运场馆工程按期交付使用,北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程完成,亚洲最大客运站——北京南站建成,载人航天工程取得重大技术突破:"神舟"七号完成太空出舱任务,"探月工程"新进展:"嫦娥"一号拍摄的月球全图正式发布,中国最大核电项目阳江核电站正式开工建设,武汉长江公路隧道通车试运行。最后列出了本刊编辑部遴选发布的2003-2007年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展各个条目。
Based on the event every year for selecting the annual important advances about science, technology and engineering held by our publishing house, with the same principles of evaluating within each branch, putting quality before quantity, and giving facts in time order, 10 important scientific achievements, 10 important technological achievements and 10 important engineering achievements in China in 2007 were selected from a lot of scientific news in the columns ＂Halfmonth News Index＂, ＂Half-month News Briefs＂, ＂News Round＂, ＂Domestic Journal Highlights＂, ＂Scientific Community Briefs＂, ＂Scientific Events and Cover Stories in Science and Technology Review＂, and ＂Key Academic Journals and Scientific Newspapers＂.These achievements are introduced, including conjectures on the exact solution of 3D simple orthorhombic Ising lattices, the discovery of bulk superconductivity in the related compound SmFeAsO1-xFx with a transition temperature as high as 43 K, successful separation of gene S5 for rice wide compatibility behavior, exact determination of the mass of the Milk Way, successful manufacture by forging of the cone cylinder of the third generation evaporator in nuclear power plant, invention of ＂unexpected propagation＂ technique for controlling transgenie rice, first self designed and serf manufactured LNG transportation ship delivered to shipowner, new technology of one-step spinning process, terminal building T3 of Capital International Airport put to use, construction of express railway from Beijing to Shanghai has started, development project of Jumbo Plane put into operation, stadiums and gymnasiums for Olympics 2008 put to use on schedule, etc.
出处
《科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第1期19-29,共11页
Science & Technology Review
关键词
科学
技术
工程
重大进展
science
technology
engineering
important advance
