3SHARAN R, SCHOEN R E. Cancer in inflammatory bowel disease, an evidence-based analysis and guide for physicians and pationts [J]. Gastroentrrol Clin North Am, 2002,31 : 237-254.
4VENKATARAMAN SUBRAMANIAN, MOHAN VIVEK, RAMAKRISHNA BALAKRISHNAN S, et al. Risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis in India [J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2005,20 : 705-709.
9MOAYYERI ALIREZA, DARYANI NASER EBRAHIMI,BAHRAMI HOSSEIN, et al. Clinical course of ulcerative colitis in patients with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis [J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2005,20: 366-370.
10KARLEN P, LOFBERG R, BROSTROM O, et al. Increased risk of cancer in ulcerative colitis, a population-based cohort study[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999, 94: 1047-1047.
二级参考文献55
1Present DH, Meltzer SJ, Krumholz MP, Wolke A,Korelitz BI. 6-Mercaptopurine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: short- and longterm toxicity. Ann Intern Med, 1989, 111: 641～649.
2Connell WR, Kamm MA, Ritchie JK, LennardJones JE. Bone marrow toxicity caused by azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: 27 years of experience. Gut,1993,34: 1081～1085.
4Shanahan F. Inflammatory bowel disease: immunodiagnostics, immunotherapeutics, and ecotherapeutics. Gastroenterology, 2001, 120: 622～635.
5Loftus EV Jr, Sandborn WJ. Lymphoma risk in inflammatory bowel disease: influences of referral bias and therapy. Gastroenterology, 2001, 121:1239～ 1242.
6Lewis JD, Bilker WB, Brensinger C, Deren JJ,Vaughn DJ, Strom BL. Inflammatory bowel disease is not associated with an increased risk of lymphoma. Gastroenterology, 2001, 121: 1080～1087.
7Lewis JD, Schwartz JS, Lichtenstein GR. Azathioprine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: benifits outweigh the risk of lymphoma.Gastroenterology. 2000. 118: 1018～1024.
8Fernandez-Banares F, Bertran X, Esteve-Comas M, Cabre E, Menacho M, Humbert P, Planas R,Gassull MA. Azathioprine is useful in maintaining long-term remission induced by intravenous cyclosporine in steroid-refractory severe ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol, 1996, 91: 2498～2499.
9Farrell RJ, Ang Y, Kileen P, O'Briain DS, Kelleher D, Keeling PW, Weir DG. Increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunosuppressive therauv but overall risk is low. Gut, 2000, 47: 514～519.
10Sandborn WJ. A review of immune modifier therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. Am J Gastroenterol, 1996, 91: 423～433.
6Sharan R, Schoen RE. Cancer in inflam- matory bowel disease. An evidence - based analysis and guide for physicians and patients [ J ]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am,2002,31 ( 1 ) :237 -254.
