摘要
目的了解农村婴儿母亲喂养知识现状及评价接受喂养指导后营养知识的改善情况。方法于2007年3月在天津市津南区整群抽取515例4～6月龄农村婴儿的母亲进行营养知识调查，同时先按卫生院分层，再采用简单随机抽样方法将婴儿的母亲随机分为对照组175名、干预1组160名和干预2组180名。干预1组采用小组讲课的形式讲解《中国婴幼儿及学龄前儿童膳食指南与平衡膳食宝塔》，并给予相关咨询，对婴儿的母亲进行科学喂养指导；干预2组发放《中国婴幼儿及学龄前儿童膳食指南与平衡膳食宝塔》手册自己学习，并对2个干预组掌握营养知识的程度进行跟踪调查；对照组只给予常规保健指导。分别在基线调查开始干预后的第3个月和第6个月，对干预效果进行评价。结果母亲文化程度对营养知识－态度－行为（KAP）得分有显著的影响，小学及以下文化程度的母亲KAP得分[（8．3±2．2）分]显著低于高中／中专[（9．4±1．6）分]和大专及以上文化程度[（9．6±1．8）分]的母亲（LSD，t=3．70，P〈0．001）。进行喂养指导后，婴儿母亲的营养知识都有不同程度的提高，干预后母亲KAP问卷得分显著高于干预前（F：183．556，P：0．006）；并且干预组母亲营养知识回答的正确率高于对照组，干预后6个月，干预1组（12．0分）和干预2组得分（11．6分）均显著高于对照组（10．5分）（LSD，t=5．96，P〈0．001；LSD，t=4．25，P〈0．001）。结论对儿童的母亲给予营养与健康教育，有助于其改善喂养婴儿的方式，保证婴儿正常生长发育。
Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） of young children＇s mothers on infant feeding and to evaluate the effects of nutritional education in the rural areas. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select the local health station. Five hundred and fifteen mothers ,who had infants with age of 4 -6 months, were recruited for the questionnaire survey on the nutritional knowledge in rural areas of Tianjin municipality. The mothers were randomly divided into intervention group Ⅰ （160） ,intervention group Ⅱ （180） and control group （175）. The mothers in the intervention group Ⅰ were educated with feeding guideline on infants and young children and had had Group lectures and advisory from experts about maternal and child nutritions for teaching them how to feed their children; while, the mothers in the intervention group Ⅱ were trained with feeding guideline on infants and young children by themselves; and the mothers in the control group received routine guidance at the local health station. The follow-up evaluation on nutritional knowledge of the mothers in each group was carried out after 3 and 6 months intervention, respectively. Results The educational background had significant effect on KAP scores ： KAP scores of the mothers with primary education or less （ 8.3 ± 2. 2 ） were significantly lower than that of the mothers educated with high school （9.4 ± 1.6 ） and university （9. 6 ± 1.8 ） （ LSD t = 3.70,P 〈 0. 001 ）. After being educated with feeding guideline on infants and young children, the knowledge of infant＇s mothers was greatly improved and KAP scores of the mothers after intervention were higher than that of the baseline （ F = 183. 556,P = 0. 006） ; the percentage of correct answer on nutrition knowledge in the intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. At six months of intervention, the KAP scores of intervention group Ⅰ （ 12. 0） and intervention group Ⅱ （11.6） were higher than that of the control group （10.5） （LSD t =5.96,P〈0.001; LSD t =4.25,P〈0.001）. Conclusion Providing nutritional and health education to the infant＇s mothers should be helpful for improving infant＇s feeding pattern and ensuring the adequate growth and development of infants.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期103-107,共5页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
婴儿
营养知识
农村人口
健康教育
Infant
Nutritional knowledge
Rural population
Health education
