摘要
用氯化钙溶滴消暖雾已经70年了,后来细盐粒子或盐溶液也被用于催化暖云,希望它们在云中形成雨胚,启动或加速碰并过程以增加降水。20世纪60年代,飞机播撒盐粉、地面烧盐粉成为我国人工影响暖云的主要方法,普遍反映有增雨效果,由于当时条件限制,没有进行严格的科学验证;同时,因为实施中播撒剂量大,对飞机又有腐蚀而被搁置。十多年前南非在人工增雨中开发了产生吸湿性微粒的新型焰弹技术,用于暖性对流云催化,通过随机化试验取得了具有统计显著性的增雨效果,这一结果在墨西哥的试验中得到重复;另一方面,泰国一直使用粗吸湿性粒子催化暖积云,近年来的随机化试验也证明能增加降水,但是降水的增加是4 h后在被催化云的新生云中出现的。这些结果重新激起人们对暖云催化的兴趣,成为当前国际云雾物理和人工影响天气领域的热点问题之一。
The review is begun with a brief summary of the history of hygroscopic seeding and the current status of our understandings of the physics of precipitation in warm clouds. Seeding convective type of clouds with hygroscopic particles produced by flares have received a lot of attention in the past decade, several field projects around the world are actively exploring the possibility of enhancing rainfall using this technique. This renewed interest in cloud seeding and the increasing number of field projects, has led to the development of new and improved hygroscopic flares. There are some exciting new results of hygroscopic seeding with {lares. Especially, the recently hygroscopic seeding experiments in South Africa, Thailand and Mexico made the enthusiasm for the potential of hygroscopic seeding grown. The hygroscopic seeding hypothesis is not yet scientifically proven because it cannot explain the statistically significant increases in precipitation that was observed in recent experiments. Finally, the overview is concluded with specific recommendations regarding the current status of warm cloud modification, and future directions for the scientist and weather modification practitioner in China.
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第1期227-232,共6页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
国家科技支撑计划"人工影响天气关键技术与装备研发"重点项目(2006BAC12B06)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(40205001)
中国气象局云雾物理环境开放实验室共同资助
关键词
吸湿性催化
暖雨过程
粒子尺度
Hygroscopic seeding
Warm precipitation enhancement
Size particle
