摘要
通过胚拯救,成功获得鹅观草Roegneria kamoji(2n=6x=42,SSHHYY)和普通小麦中国春Triticum aestivum(2n=6x=42,AABBDD)的正反交属间杂种F1,并对这些杂种F1及其BC1的形态学、减数分裂配对行为、育性和赤霉病抗性进行研究。结果表明,(鹅观草×中国春)F1和(中国春×鹅观草)F1的形态介于双亲之间。杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体构型分别为40.33I+0.78II+0.03III和40.40I+0.79II。杂种F1高度雄性不育,用中国春花粉与其回交可获得BC1代种子。(鹅观草×中国春)F1×中国春BC1植株的染色体数目主要分布在55～63之间,单价体较多,植株高度不育;(中国春×鹅观草)F1×中国春BC1植株染色体数目也主要分布在55～63之间,但其中部分植株拥有整套小麦染色体且能正常配对、分离,可形成部分可育花粉粒,能收到少量自交结实种子。在(鹅观草×中国春)F1中有1株穗型趋向中国春,其染色体数目为2n=63,经染色体分子原位杂交(GISH)检测,含有42条小麦染色体和21条鹅观草染色体。该杂种F1在减数分裂中期I平均每个花粉母细胞有26.40I+18.30II,但植株高度雄性不育,用中国春花粉回交能收到BC1种子。(鹅观草×中国春)F1(2n=63)×中国春BC1的染色体数目主要分布在40～59之间,其中的外源染色体已经逐渐减少,虽然该BC1的穗型已接近中国春,但仍然高度不育。赤霉病抗性鉴定结果显示,所有杂种F1及大部分BC1对赤霉病均表现出较好的抗性。
The reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and Roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. Morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid F1 and BC1 were studied. The results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids F1 between R. kamoji and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. The chromosome configuration at metaphase Ⅰ （MI） of pollen mother cell （PMC） in reciprocal F1 was 40.33Ⅰ ＋ 0.78Ⅱ ＋ 0.03Ⅲ and 40.40Ⅰ ＋ 0.79Ⅱ, respectively. All of the F1 plants showed complete male sterility, and the seeds of BCI were obtained by backcrossing with Chinese Spring pollen. The somatic chromosome numbers in BC1 plants of （R. kamoji × Chinese Spring） F1 ×Chinese Spring ranged from 55 to 63. Many univMents were observed at MI of PMC, which resulted in the sterility of BC1 plants. Similarly, the chromosome numbers in BC1 plants of （Chinese Spring ×R. kamoji） F1 × Chinese Spring also ranged from 55 to 63; however, many bivalents at MI of PMC and fertile pollen were observed resulting in partial fruitfulness in some BC1 plants by self-crossing. A plant （2n=63） with 42 wheat chromosomes and 21 R. kamoji chromosomes was obtained from R. kamoji × Chinese Spring cross, which had a chromosome configuration at MI of 26.40Ⅰ ＋ 18.30Ⅱ. Because many univalents existed, this plant showed complete male sterility, and BC1 plants were obtained by back-crossing with Chinese Spring as the pollen parent. The chromosome numbers of BC1 ranged from 40 to 59, which contained less Mien chromosomes. Although the morphology of the spike in BC1 plants was similar to that of Chinese Spring, these BC1 plants were still sterile. All F1 and most of the BCI plants showed high resistance to Fusarium graminearum, which indicated that the resistance to scab from R. kmoji can be transferred into wheat.
出处
《遗传》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期290-296,共7页
Hereditas（Beijing)
基金
江苏省科技攻关项目(编号:BG2005310)资助
关键词
普通小麦
鹅观草
远缘杂交
基因组原位杂交(GISH)
赤霉病抗性
Triticum aestivum
Roegneria kamoji
intergeneric hybridization
genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）
scab resistance
