摘要
目的掌握2006年全国燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）防治措施落实进度、防治效果及病情变化，为制订地氟病防治策略提供科学依据。方法按《全国地方性氟中毒重点监测方案》，在燃煤污染型地氟病病区的8个省份，选择病情严重的9个县为监测县和其中的15个村为监测点。调查监测县改炉改灶进度及降氟炉灶质量。采集监测点室内空气、玉米、辣椒及儿童尿样，离子选择电极法测定含氟量；检查监测点8—12岁儿童氟斑牙和缺损型氟斑牙，诊断标准采用Dean法；在更换的8个监测点中，调查成人氟骨症，诊断按《地方性氟骨症临床分度诊断》（GB16396—1996）进行。结果①2006年监测县新改降氟炉灶99331个，累计改炉改灶430409个，改炉改灶率增长了9．86个百分点，累计改炉改灶率为42．74％（430409／1007058）；降氟炉灶合格率为86．66％（2118／2444）。②有7个监测点开展了室内空气含氟量监测，有5个监测点13平均含氟量超过国家标准（0．007mg／m^3），含氟量在0．0172～0．6003mg／m^3。③大部分监测点玉米、辣椒含氟量都超过国家标准（玉米：1．5mg／kg，辣椒：1．0mg／kg），尤以云南、贵州、四川省的监测点为重（玉米12．68—49．50mg／kg，辣椒202．33．1879．56mg／kg）。④15个监测点中，儿童氟斑牙检出率〈30％的有1个，30％～60％的有3个，〉60％～80％的有4个，〉80％的有7个：缺损型氟斑牙检出率〈20％的有10个，20％～40％的有4个，〉40％的有1个。14个监测点测定了儿童尿氟，几何均数≤1．40mg／L有9个，〉1．40mg／L的有5个。⑤8个更换的监测点，成人临床氟骨症检出率在4．86％～60．03％，Ⅲ度氟骨症检出率在0～4．86％。结论2006年，全国地氟病监测县改炉改灶率以平均近10％的速度增长，降氟炉灶总体合格率较高；室内空气、玉米、辣椒仍存在氟污染：老监测点病情得到控制或有所减轻．新监测点病情以中度为主。
Objectives To investigate the progress and effects of control measures and dynamic prevalence of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in order to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control in China. Methods The survey was carried out according to the national survey scheme of endemic fuorosis. Fifteen villages of 9 counties in 8 provinces in coal-burning fluorosis area were selected as survey spots. The fulfillment and quality of improving stove in survey counties was surveyed. Samples of indoor air, corn, chili and children urine in survey spots were collected, and the fluoride content was detected by ion selected method. Dental fluorosis and defective dental fluorosis in children of 8 - 12 years old were diagnosed by Dean method. In 8 newly added spots, adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed by national criteria （Diagnosis of Clinical Classification for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis GB 16396-1996）. Results ①Total 99 331 stoves were newly installed in 2006, reaching an accumulation of 430 409, and the rate of improved stoves increased by 9.86 percent, coming to 42.74%（430 409/1 007 058）. The rate of qualified stoves summed up to 86.66% （2118/2444）. ②Indoor air fluoride content of 7 villages was surveyed, and the averaged daily level of 5 villages exceeded the standard（0.007 mg/m3）, ranging from 0.0172 - 0.6003 mg/m3. ③ Fluoride content of corn and chili in most of the surveyed counties exceeded the national standard （1.5 mg/kg for corn, 1.0 mg/kg for chili）, especially in provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan （12.68 - 49.50 mg/kg for corn, 202.33 - 1879.56 mg/kg for chili）. ④Among 15 survey spots, the detectable rate of children dental fluorosis of 1 spots was 〈 30%, 3 sports among 30% - 60%, 4 sports among 〉 60% - 80%, and 7 sports 〉 80%. The detectable rate of defective dental fluorosis of 10 survey spots was 〈 20%, 4 spots among 20% - 40%, 1 spots 〉 40%. Among 14 survey spots where urine sample were detected, geometric mean of urine fluoride content in 9 survey spots was ≤1.40 mg/L and 5 survey spots 〉 1.40 mg/L. ⑤The detectable rates of skeletal fluorosis in 8 new spots were among 4.86% - 60.03%, and that for H1 degree skeletal fluorosis was among 0 - 4.86%. Conclusions The rate of improved stoves in surveyed counties increased by about 10% in 2006, and the improved stoves worked well. Indoor air, corn and chili were still contaminated by fluoride. The prevalence of fluorosis in old survey spots has been controlled or alleviated, and most of the new survey spots are of moderate epidemic area.
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期171-174,共4页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
基金
卫生部疾病控制司委托项目（2006）志谢对参加全国地方性氟中毒监测工作的全体同志表示衷心的感谢
关键词
煤
空气污染
室内
氟中毒
监测
Coal
Air pollution, indoor
Fluorosis
Surveillance
