摘要
农村老龄人口是21世纪我国面临和亟待解决的一个重要问题。以浙江慈溪农村老龄人口的居家养老状况的问卷调查为基础,运用人口地理学方法研究了沿海发达地区农村老龄人口的居家养老特征。结果表明:①农村老龄人口居住条件最突出的问题是基本生活设施的配套普及与特困户、一般拥挤户的居住面积狭小。②农村老龄人口日常生活节奏具有一定的规律性,但休闲娱乐活动的需求层次亟需提高。③农村老龄人口与子女同住比例较低,"空巢"老人的生活值得关注。④农村老龄人口经济状况表现为低收入、低消费。⑤农村老龄人口的日常自理功能要比社会服务设施利用功能好,患病就医率低的深层次原因是经济承受能力。⑥农村老龄人口对居家养老服务需求较大,部分精神慰藉难以得到满足。
The support of the rural aged is the important issue that needs urgent solution in the 21st century.Taking the rural area of Cixi city,Zhejiang province as a case study,we probe into the home care characteristics of the rural aged in the coastal developed areas.The results are drawn as follows：（1）The most important issue of housing conditions for rural aged is the low possession rate of infrastructure and supporting facilities and small per-capita housing area.The possession rate of infrastructure and supporting facilities,such as washing machine,fixed-line telephones,refrigerator,air conditioner,and water heater does not exceed 30%.Some 9.46% of the aged have a per capita housing area less than 15 m2.（2）Most of the rural aged are living in a regular lifestyle.But the quality of their leisure behavior is not high because of their low education and weakly active ability.Popular and easy recreational activities,such as watching TV and listening to the radio are the main entertainments of the aged.There are only 26.9%,3.4% and 1.7% of the aged who often take part in activities in multi-functional rooms,outdoor sports and universities for the aged,respectively.（3）There are few elderly people living with their children.Only 13.9% of the aged live with their children,and most of the aged live together with their spouses or live alone.Some 26.9% and 36.3% of the aged can not receive help from their relatives or friends when they need some help.The living of the left-behind aged in the rural area is noteworthy.（4）The economical conditions of most rural old people are featured by low incomes and low expenditures.The average annual income and expenditure of the rural aged are 3160 yuan and 3024 yuan,respectively.They can manage to make ends meet.But the Engel＇s coefficient of the aged is more than 80%,which is two times the average value of the whole city.（5）More than half of the aged suffer from various chronic diseases.They have poor self-sufficiency and need Custodial treatment to varying degrees.Thus they cannot afford to see the doctor when they are ill.More than 10% of the aged have some difficulty using telephone and public transportation facilities,managing finance,climbing stairs or going shopping alone.Some 75.67% of the aged need to be looked after to some extent.The number of the aged who can see the doctor on their own initiative when they are ill only occupies 25.33% of those that should receive treatment.（6）Very few aged people desire to live out their twilight years in social welfare.Almost all of the aged have heavy demand for community services,such as housework,house daycare,family doctor,and chat for diversion.But only 3% of the aged have used these services.Some 7.7% of the aged felt lonely because they live alone and some of their spiritual demands cannot be met.
出处
《地理研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期513-523,共11页
Geographical Research
基金
宁波市软科学课题(2007A10022)
宁波大学重点学科课题(XK0611036)
