摘要
采用LSD法对华北平原不同灌水条件下（设4个水分处理：0水、1水、2水和3水）两品种（科麦一号和石家庄8号）冬小麦田土壤水分动态变化进行了观测,并对产量、产量构成要素及其生态指标进行了定量分析,以探讨品种间的差异。研究发现：所有灌水处理0-140 cm土层土壤水分变化较大,而0水处理的0-40 cm和80-140 cm土层含水量变化比较活跃,其幅度低于灌水处理。品种间相同水分处理的土壤含水量变化趋势一致,除1水处理科麦一号变幅较大外,其他3个处理均以石家庄8号变幅较大。科麦一号与石家庄8号均以3水处理的产量最高,比0水处理分别增产44.44%、42.88%,但由于该处理灌水充足,小麦相对晚熟耗水量大,致使收获前土壤含水率急剧下降。在各水分处理中,产量构成要素穗数皆以3水最高;穗粒重皆以1水最高（两个品种穗粒重1水与2水差异不显著）;千粒重皆以0水最高。穗粒数以1水最高。收获指数皆以0水最高。科麦一号对水分较为敏感,但耗水量明显小于石家庄8号。要达到经济高产的目标,科麦一号灌2水较为合适,石家庄8号需灌3水。
LSD is adopted to analyze quantitatively the yield and its constituents and ecological indexes of winter wheat under different water supply conditions which included four irrigation treatments such as no irrigation,1 irrigaiton,2 irrigation and 3 irrigation in North China Plain,and study is also made on soil water dynamics at the same time to probe into genotype differences of different winter wheat with Kemai yi and Shijiazhuang 8.It concludes that the soil water of 0～140 cm depth of all irrigation treatments changes greatly,while 0～40 cm and 80～140 cm depth of no irrigation treatment changes actively,but the change extent is lower than the former.The change tendency of soil water with the same treatment between different varieties is nearly consistent.Except 1 irrigation treatment,the extent of change of Shijiazhang 8 of other three treatments is greater than that of Kemai yi.The yields of Kemai yi and Shijiazhuang 8 of 3 irrigation treatments are highest,increased by 44.44% and 42.88% respectively compared with that of no irrigation.However,the wheat of 3 irrigation treatments matures late as a result of sufficient irrigation and great water consumption,leading to a sharp decrease of soil water before harvest.The yield constituents were significantly different among all the treatments. The spike number of 3 irrigation treatment was the highest,while the grain weight per spike of 1 irrigation treatment was the highest because of insignificant difference between 1 and 2 irrigation treatments,the 1000-grain weight of no irrigation was the highest,and the grain number per spike of 1 irrigation was the highest.The harvest index of no irrigation was significantly different from irrigation treatments.The result further indicated that Kemai yi is more sensitive but with less water consumption than Shijiazhang 8.The optimal irrigation schedule is that Kemai yi is irrigated 2 times scientifically and Shijiazhang 8 is irrigated 3 times.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期74-79,共6页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
中央基本业务费资助项目(小麦、玉米生物性节水基础研究)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(30871447)
国家科技支撑计划资助课题(2006BAD29B02)
国际原子能机构基金资助项目(CRP-14532)
关键词
冬小麦
土壤水分动态
产量
收获指数
winter wheat
soil water dynamics
yield
harvest index
