摘要
宜万铁路是目前国内外已建和在建工程中岩溶及岩溶水最发育、最复杂的工程,结合宜万铁路隧道工程对岩溶及岩溶水进行分类,根据不同类型的岩溶特征,制定相应的应对措施,从而实现岩溶治理标准化管理;同时对岩溶隧道安全施工防范突水突泥高风险进行了研究。治理方案有:针对无水洞穴和管道型岩溶宜采取回填方案,对充填型岩溶采取"注浆加固+大管棚"方案,对大型干溶洞根据不同情况采取板跨方案、钢管群桩方案、桩基+承台方案、路基填筑方案和梁跨方案;针对岩溶水,通过分析岩溶工程及水文特征,针对性地采取引排方案、注浆堵水方案、泄水洞方案、堆积体加固堵水方案和绕避方案。岩溶隧道施工防范突水突泥高风险主要措施包括:建立以超前深孔钻探和风钻加深5m浅孔钻探为主的超前预测预报体系;保证3m以上完整岩柱厚度,防止开挖面爆裂突水突泥;进行"降雨量-涌水量-水压力"水文专项设计、风险隧道突水突泥防灾报警系统专项设计、风险隧道施工安全逃生线路专项设计;采用专业注浆队伍进行注浆堵水加固;建立安全管理机制,进行安全等级管理、风险征兆辨识、设置专职安全员负责预警和组织逃生。
Yichang-Wanzhou Railway is the most complicated project with the developed karst and karst-water among the projects constructed and being constructed. By taking the project as an example, the classification of karst and karst-water is introduced in this paper, and countermeasures against them are established based on different characteristics of karst, with standardized management of karst achieved. Meanwhile the risks of water inflow and gushing of mud are analyzed. Different countermeasures should be adopted. Backfilling should be adopted for dry caves and piped-karst tunnels and ＂grouting reinforcement＋ big pipe-roofing＂ for filled-karst. Spanning slabs, pipe-piles, pipe foundation＋ base slab, roadbed filling should be taken respectively according to different cases in dry karst. In view of karst water, based on the analysis of hydrological characteristics, water diversion and drainage, grouting for blocking water, drain tunnels, piled mass for water blocking and bypassing should be carried out pertinently. Main countermeasures against high risk of gushing of mud and water inflow include： establishing forecast system based on advance deep-hole drilling; preserving more than 3 m monolithic rock pillar; avoiding gushing of mud and water caused by working face cracking; special hydrographyic design for rainfall- water inflow - hydraulic pressure; special alarm system of inrush of mud and water in risky tunnels; special escape route design of construction in risky tunnels; professional team for water-stop grouting; safety management mechanism; safety grade management and risk distinguishing; special personnel responsible for safety forecast and arranging escape.
出处
《现代隧道技术》
EI
北大核心
2009年第2期22-34,共13页
Modern Tunnelling Technology
关键词
岩溶
岩溶水
治理方案
安全措施
Karst
Karst-water
Treatment
Safety protection
