摘要
目的了解四川省通江县狂犬病流行特征及流行因素,探讨有效的预防控制(防控)对策。方法采用描述流行病学分析狂犬病疫情资料。结果通江县1984/2008-06累计报告狂犬病发病48例,病死48例。从流行趋势看,疫情经历流行期(1984-1991年)、控制期(1992-2005年)和回升期(2006-)3个阶段,流行期年均发病率为0.75/10万,以1988年发病率最高达1.26/10万;控制期无病例报告;回升期疫情呈逐年上升趋势,2007、2008-01/06病例数分别较2006年上升4倍和3倍。从三间分布看,秋季为发病高峰(45.45%),民胜、广纳片区为历年的高发地区(47.73%),发病年龄以15～64岁人群居多(74.99%)。从2006年以来病例个案资料分析结果看,100%病例分布在农村,以流浪犬和散养犬为传染源(分别占70%和30%),以头、面、手等裸露部位暴露为主(70%),Ⅲ级暴露及未处理伤口的比例较大(分别占60%和30%),Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露者人用狂犬疫苗全程接种率和Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病被动免疫制剂接种率低下(分别仅达10%和16.67%)。结论通江县目前正处于狂犬病疫情回升阶段,应当进一步采取以大力开展健康教育、切实控制传染源、积极开展暴露后伤口规范化处理及免疫接种、加强疫情监测等为主的综合性防控措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic factors of rabies in Tongjiang county from 1984 to July of 2008. Methods Descriptive epidemiologieal analysis was conducted on the basis of reports of the epidemic situation of rabies. Results Fourty Eight rabies cases were reported in Tongjiang County from 1984 to July 2008 and all of them died of rabies. The epidemic situation went through the epidemic phase （ from 1984 to 1991 ）, control phase （ from 1992 to 2005 ） and re-ascending epidemic phase dence （since 2006）, the annual incidence of the epidemic phase was 0. 75/100 000, with the highest inci- of 1.26/100 000 in 1988. No local case was reported during the control phase. The incidence increased gradually during the reascending epidemic phase. Comparing to the cases in 2006, it increased 4 times in 2007 and 3 times from January to July in 2008. The peak was seen in autumn （45.45%）, the areas with high incidence in past years were Mingsheng and Guangna （47.73%） , most of the cases were among the age group of 15-64 years which accounted for 74. 99%. From the analysis of individual case investigations since 2006, all of the cases that in rural areas, stray dogs and sporadic feeding dogs were major infectious sources which accounted for 70% and 30% respectively. Most cases of 70% were injured on head, faces, hand and other naked parts. The grade- Ⅲ-exposed and nontreatment patients accounted for 60% and 30% respectively. The rate of receiving whole-process vaccination among grade- Ⅱ -exposed and grade-Ⅲ-exposed patients was low （10%）, and the rate of receiving passive immunization among grade-Ⅲ-exposed patients was 16. 67%. Conclusion Tongjiang county now is in re-ascending epidemic phase of vabies, synthetical control and prevention measures should be further adopted mainly through the ways of taking comprehensive intervention into practice, vigorously developing health education, making practical efforts to control the infectious sources, actively developing actively developing standard post-exposure treatment, vaccinating, strengthening surveillance on epidemic situation.
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2009年第4期272-275,共4页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
关键词
狂犬病
流行特征
流行因素
预防控制
对策
Rabies
Epidemiological characteristic
Epidemic factor
Control and prevention
Strategies
