摘要
我国沿海发达地区的企业迁移通常被认为是企业优势延伸或再造的扩张型迁移,其动力来自于资源稀缺、要素成本上升、技术升级以及环境规制等多重压力,主要体现比较优势的思维逻辑。选择温州灯具企业迁移中山古镇一例,采取半结构式访谈,透析集群企业迁移的多层面的动力机制。研究表明,发达地区在要素价格上的差距并不显著,不足以导致非空间邻近的、大规模群体式外迁。迫于同质产品竞争的压力,突破核心技术瓶颈的制约成为企业迁移的重要内在动力。开放的地方网络组织能够减少企业外迁的交易成本和潜在风险,地方行业自律机制及政府公共治理产生的正向集聚力或负向离心力,均影响到迁移决策过程。集群企业的迁移路径具有显著的集群指向性,这意味着,基于集体创新能力和集群治理效率的地区竞争优势构成企业迁移的外部推力或拉力。群体迁移短期容易造成迁出地的产业空洞化甚至引致集群衰退,在增强迁入地集群效应的同时,也会对其原有的市场结构和创新环境产生深刻影响。
Firm emigration from the east coastal areas in China is generally explained as spatial expansion of firms ,and can be attributed to these factors, such as resource scarcity, rising cost, technology upgrade, and environmental regulations. That point of view apparently follows the logic of comparative advantages. This article takes Wenzhou lamp-making cluster in Zhejiang Province as an example to analyze mechanism of firm migration in clusters. Based on the semi-structured depth interviews in Guzhen Town, Guangdong Province - one of the major immigration destination of Wenzhou firms - with local authorities, industrial associations, native firms, and Wenzhou firms, the article demonstrates that the increase of local resource price and the limitation of accessible space in Wenzhou can not be fully explained as powerful driven forces, while scarcity of core technology and deterioration of business environment actually push firms out. Furthermore,network organizations reduce transaction costs and potential risks of firm migration from Wenzhou to Guzhen and strengthen their bargaining power in the immigration area. Besides, such migration is typically cluster-oriented, which means that the competitive advantage based on the collective creativity and governance efficiency drive cluster firms to relocate.Firm emigration to some extent weakens the advantages of Wenzhou cluster. As far as Guzhen Town, firm immigration increases the cluster effects on one hand, and exerts some influence on the local innovation system on the other hand.
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期329-336,共8页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(40535027)
关键词
产业集群
企业迁移
网络组织
集体创新
竞争优势
industrial clusters
firm migration
network
collective innovation
competitive advantage
