摘要
目的分析1951-2007年浙江省麻疹流行病学特征,为制定麻疹控制策略提供科学依据。方法对浙江省1951-2007年麻疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果自然感染阶段麻疹发病1-2年一个流行高峰,年平均发病率为1 067.53/10万,疫苗推广应用阶段年均发病率为253.11/10万,流行周期推迟为2-3年,计划免疫阶段和免疫规划阶段年均发病率进一步下降,为36.73/10万。1992-2007年麻疹每年3-5月或4-6月份为发病高峰,发病以14岁及以下儿童为主,占64.58%。近年〈1岁组和≥15岁组麻疹发病呈明显上升趋势。结论实施儿童计划免疫有效的控制了麻疹的流行;但要实现消除麻疹,目前浙江省应采取措施加强麻疹疫苗的常规免疫和复种工作,确保麻疹疫苗2剂次接种率达到95%以上,同时可考虑对成人再补种一剂次麻疹疫苗,以提高整个人群的麻疹疫苗接种率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhejiang province during 1951 - 2007, and to provide evidence for strategy and measure development of measles prevention and control. Methods Data from Zhejiang provincial measles report system during 1951 -2007 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results There were measles outbreaks every 1 - 2 years and the reported annual average incidence was 1 067. 53/100 000 before implementation of EPI work. The reported annual average incidence of measles was 253. 11/100 000 during the vaccine promotion period, and was 36.73/100 000 during EPI period, which presented a significant decline. The seasonal peak of incidence was in March to May or April to June. Children under 15 years old were the main victims being attacked by measles. Prevalence of measles in population under 1 year or above 15 years increased significantly in recent years. Conclusion Measles was controlled effectively after implementation of EPI work. Two dose and timely coverage of the first dose of measles vaccine should be strenghthened in Zhejiang province. A dose of measles vaccine is also recommended for adults.
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
2009年第5期360-364,共5页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
