摘要
【目的】研究黄土高原沟壑区小麦品种更替过程中,不同品种产量结构的遗传改良和品质性状演变规律,为旱区优良小麦品种的筛选提供依据。【方法】采用田间调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对20世纪40年代至今黄土高原沟壑区小麦品种更替过程中代表品种的农艺性状、产量性状、灌浆特性和蛋白质含量进行调查和分析。【结果】随品种的更替,黄土高原沟壑区小麦产量呈上升趋势,年平均遗传改良进度为1.96%;随着株高的降低,不同年代小麦品种各茎节长度呈下降趋势;不同时期小麦品种的平均灌浆速率呈逐步提高趋势,长旱58最大,达1.09mg/(粒.d);黄土高原沟壑区不同年代小麦品种总蛋白质含量存在极显著差异,但20世纪60年代至今,小麦蛋白质遗传改良研究进展不大。【结论】黄土高原沟壑区今后应将高产作为小麦育种的主要目标,同时兼顾品质改良。
【Objective】The research was done to study the production structure of the genetic improvement and evolution of quality characters in the Gullies of the Loess Plateau in order to verify the partial characters evolution tendency in the Gullies of the Loess Plateau and to provide a basis to find the best wheat variety for drought region.【Method】With the combination of field investigation and analysis,the wheat agronomic traits,yield traits,filling and protein components since 1940s in the Gullies of the Loess Plateau were investigated and analyzed.【Result】With the succession of species,the wheat production in the Gullies of the Loess Plateau showed an upward trend,average progress in genetic improvement being 1.96%;with the lower height,the node the different varieties also decreased;With the succession of species in different periods average filling rate showed gradual improvement trend,Changhan58 being the largest,reaching 1.09 mg/（grain·d）;in the Gullies of the Loess Plateau protein difference of different varieties of wheat was significant with the change of species.But since 1960s,the genetic improvement of wheat protein has made little advance.【Conclusion】High-yield wheat breeding should still be the future main objective in the Gullies of the Loess Plateau,and at the same time high-yield and quality improved synchronization should be strengthened.
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第6期79-84,91,共7页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
中国科学院重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-424-3)
中国科学院农业项目(KSCX1-YW-N15-04)
关键词
渭北旱塬
小麦
产量结构
遗传改良
品质性状
品种演变
the Gullies of the Loess Plateau
Wheat
production structure
genetic improvement
quality character
succession of species
