摘要
利用ＴＥＭ、ＨＲＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ和ＴＰＯ等方法对ＣＨ４或ＣＯ催化分解生成的碳纳米管结构和性能进行了表征．结果表明，所得产物是管径１５～２０ｎｍ的均匀碳纳米管．其ＸＲＤ谱图与石墨的相近，但特征衍射峰稍宽化，表明其长程有序度较石墨的低．由ＣＨ４制备的碳纳米管系由多层具有类石墨片状结构的同心、等径及中空圆锥形面叠合而成，类石墨层面取向与管轴倾斜；而由ＣＯ制备的碳纳米管系由多层具有类石墨片状结构的圆柱形面围叠而成，类石墨层面取向与管轴平行．碳纳米管中Ｃ１ｓ的电子结合能比石墨的下降约０．５ｅＶ．ＴＰＯ试验结果显示所制备的两种产物中无定形碳含量都很低，其整体结构石墨化程度较高；由ＣＨ４制得的碳纳米管与Ｏ２反应的起燃温度比由ＣＯ制得的约高１００Ｋ．
By means of TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS and TPO methods, structure and properties of the carbon nanofibers formed catalytically from decomposition of CH 4 or CO have been investigated. The TEM observation shows that these materials are even nanotubes with the outer diameters of 15￣20 nm. Their XRD patterns are very close to that of graphite, but the XRD features are somewhat broadened, indicating that the degree of long range order of these nanostructures is relatively low in comparison with that of graphite. HRTEM observation reveals that the wall of these nanotubes is constructed by many layers of carbon with graphite like platelets in an extremely ordered arrangement, with the orientation of the conical graphite like platelets inclined to the central axis of the tube for the material produced from CH 4 and the cylindrical graphite like platelets parallel to the tube axis for that from CO, respectively. XPS measurements show that C 1 s electron binding energy in these carbon nanotubes is about 0.5 eV lower than that of graphite. The results of the O 2 TPO testing demonstrate that content of amorphous carbon in these materials is very low, and then the nanostructures are entirely graphitic in nature; the TPO results also show that the temperature for gasification of the material produced from CH 4 is about 100 K higher than that from CO, indicating that the former has a better oxygen resistibility than the latter.
出处
《高等学校化学学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第5期765-769,共5页
Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities
基金
国家自然科学基金
国家教育委员会博士点基金
关键词
碳纳米管
碳纳米结构
催化裂解
甲烷
一氧化碳
Carbon nanotube, Carbon nanostructure, Catalytic decomposition, CH 4, CO
