摘要
为阐明长期施肥下小麦磷肥回收率的时间及空间变化特征,对我国6种旱地土壤(红壤、黑土、均壤质潮土、轻壤质潮土、(土娄)土和黄棕壤)长期不同施肥下的磷肥回收率及相关指标进行了分析。结果表明,长期施用氮、磷、钾化肥(NPK),均壤质潮土、轻壤质潮土、蝼土、黄棕壤上小麦当季磷肥回收率随时间增加而显著升高,每年平均分别上升0.80、0.60、1.30和0.44个百分点;化肥有机肥配施(NPKM),每年平均上升0.25～1.72个百分点。黑土上小麦磷肥回收率长期施用NPK的变化不大,施用NPKM的显著升高,平均每年上升0.50个百分点;红壤上磷肥回收率NPK处理呈下降趋势,平均每年下降0.86个百分点,而NPKM处理保持平稳,说明施用有机肥有利于提升磷肥回收率。不同土壤上小麦当季磷肥回收率的变化速率与土壤磷的形态密切相关,以无机钙磷为主要形态的土壤(均壤质潮土、轻壤质潮土、(土娄)土)小麦磷肥回收率均高于以有机磷为主要形态的黑土和以无机闭蓄态磷为主要形态的红壤。小麦当季磷肥回收率受土壤性质的影响,与土壤全磷和pH值之间具有显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。
Based on long-term experiments in six upland soils （black soil, isotropic fluvo-aquic soil, fluvo-aquic soil, manural loess soil, red soil and yellow-brown soil）, recovery efficiency of phosphorus （PRE） on wheat and its correlative parameters were analyzed to study the temporal and spatial changes of PRE on wheat under various long-term fertilizations. Results indicate that PREs on wheat in the isotropic fluvo-aquic soil, fluvo-aquic soil, manural loess soil and yellow-brown soil are increased annually by 0.80, 0.60, 1.30, and 0.44 percentage points with NPK application （chemical N, P and K fertilizers）, respectively. PREs are increased by 0.25-1.72 percentage points with NPKM application （chemical N, P, K fertilizer combined with organic manure） on the four soils. For the black soil, PRE is unchanged -term application of NPK, while that is increased annually by 0.50 percentage points with NPKM. Howevsoil is decreased annually by 0.86 percentage points with long-term application of NPK, and unchanged application of NPKM. These results indicate that the application of organic manure is helpful to increase soils. The change rate of PRE is related with the fractions of soil phosphorus at the six sites. In isotropic , fluvo-aquic soil and manural loess soil, the main fraction of soil phosphorus is Ca-P, the PRE change during the long er, PRE in red with long-term PRE in upland fluvo-aquic soil rates of these soils are higher than those of black soil with the main fraction of organic-P and red soil with the main fraction of occluded-P. There are significant positive correlations between PRE and TP （total phosphorus） and soil pH respectively （ P 〈 0. 05 ）.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期584-592,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家"十一五"重点科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B09
2006BAD25B07
2006BAD02A14)
基础性工作专项(2007FY220400)资助
关键词
长期施肥
磷肥回收率
旱地
小麦
long-term fertilization
phosphorus recovery efficiency
upland soils
wheat.
