摘要
绿洲是干旱区人类活动的主体区域，亦是干旱区的精华所在。本文以此为出发点，探讨了干旱区生态用水的概念，认为：凡是对绿洲景观的生态与发展及环境质量维持与改善起支撑作用的系统所消耗的水份即为生态用水。同时以新疆为例，从绿洲与其内、外部环境的依赖性出发，把绿洲生态用水分为：人工绿洲生态用水、荒漠河岸林生态用水、河谷材生态用水、低平地草甸生态用水、城市生态用水、河湖生态用水、荒漠植被生态用水等七大类，每类之下又划分了若干小类。
Oasis is the major area of human activity in arid land, Since 1949, the oasis exploita-tions have gained many achivements in China, but its environmental problems originatedfrom that more attention has been paid to the economic benefit of oasis water resource uti-lization rather than the eco-environmental benefit of it. Based on this, the paper discussedthe conception of eco-environmental water demand. The eco-environmental water demandis defined that the water consumed by the system which can support the oasis living anddevelopment as well as maintain and improve the oasis environment quality. Because theoasis development depends on its inside and outside environment system, the eco-environ-mental water demand can be classified according to this characteristics. Taking theXingjiang as an example, it is classified into 7 kinds. They are artificial oasis, Tugayi,river valley forest,river and lake , meadow on the flat land, cities and desert vegetation. Inthe artificial oasis, the garden forest, wood forest and fuel forest not only have the eco-nomic value but also have the protective value to the oasis. In order to depict this feature,its water consume is named as flexible eco-environmental water demand which mean that itcan improve the oasis environmental quality, but if without it, the oasis can also develophealthifully, and that of the shelt forest system is named as rigid eco-environmental waterdemand which is essential condition for oasis environment.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第2期8-12,共5页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家"九五"攻关项目!"西北地区水资源合理开发利用与生态环境保护"中"新疆经济发展与水资源合理配置及承载能力研究"
关键词
干旱区
生态用水
概念
分类
新疆
水资源
arid land
eco-environmental water demand
conception and classification
