摘要
目的掌握深圳市龙岗区职业病发病情况,分析发病规律,为制定职业病防治对策提供依据。方法回顾性分析1993-2008年龙岗区职业病报告卡和事故调查资料。结果16年间该区共发生职业病94宗,确诊职业病人数430例,死亡10例,病死率2.33%,职业中毒的行业系统分布主要以金属制品业、通信设备、计算机及其它电子设备制造业、塑料制品业为主,分别占26.60%、13.83%和12.77%;引起职业中毒的化学及物理因素以有机溶剂为主,共发生58起,占总中毒宗数的61.71%,发病人数246人,占职业病总例数的57.21%;而有机溶剂中又以三氯乙烯的危害最为严重,共发生23起,中毒27例,死亡7例,占死亡人数70%。结论深圳龙岗区职业中毒危害严重,职业中毒事故的发生在高危行业和重点毒物有明显的集中趋势,不同行业的职业中毒呈现不同的特点,强化管理是预防控制职业中毒的重要环节。
Objective To summarize incidences of occupational diseases during 1993 - 2008 in Long- gang District, Shenzhen and find incidence law and provide basis for occupational disease prevention measures. Methods Occupational disease report sheet and accident-investigation data were analyzed retro- spectively during 1993 2008 in Longgang District, Shenzhen. Results 94 cases of occupational diseases occurred in this district during the 16 years, including 430 individuals, of whom 10 had died and fatality rate was 2.33 %. Occupational poisoning mainly occurred in metalwork industry, communication apparatus, PC and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry and plastic industry, respectively accounting for 26.60%, 13.83% and 12.77% of the entire cases. Organic solvent was the major chemical or physical factor which caused occupational poisoning, and it was responsible for the occurrence of 58 cases of occupational poisoning, which accounted for 61.77 % of total cases. 246 individuals were poisoned for organic solvent exposure, accounting for 57.21% of the sum. Among the organic solvents, trichloroethylene caused severest damage, for which reason 23 cases of occupational poisoning occurred, 27 individuals were poisoned and 7 individuals died （70% of death tolD. Incidences of traditional occupational diseases like pneumoconiosis and lead poisoning was not optimistic. The main reasons causing occupational poisoning included excessive workplace toxic substance concentrations, absence of ventilation, toxicant elimination and other related protective facility, absence of effective personal protective measures and safe-operation rules, and workers＇ lack of protection knowledge. Conclusions Success has been achieved by through the special occupational-disease-prevention campaign during recent years in this district. Better supervision and administration for occupational health and administration of law are required in the future to prevent the occurrence of occupational poisoning.
出处
《中华疾病控制杂志》
CAS
2009年第3期330-332,共3页
Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention
关键词
职业病
发病率
流行病学方法
Occupational disease
Incidence
Epidemiologic methods
