摘要
应用径流小区法，长期（1996-2006）定位研究福建中部尤溪县垦植方式对山地果园水土流失的影响，结果表明：1）该地区11年平均年降雨量1575.5mm，平均年蒸发量1461.1mm，5月、6月、8月是强降雨高发期，也是水土流失防治的关键期；2）在山地果园开发中，平台开垦的径流系数为0.0688，明显小于顺坡开垦（0.2865）；3）植草能使果园0-30cm土层的土壤含水量提高0.8％-0.9％；4）顺坡清耕区侵蚀模数为2388.2t／（km^2·a），梯台清耕区土壤侵蚀量达10.3kg/m，土壤侵蚀主要源于台壁受冲刷，顺坡植草区、梯台植草区基本不发生土壤侵蚀。
Youxi County is located in the middle part of Fujian Province and belongs to the mid-subtropical monsoon zone. From 1996 to 2006, long-term observation was carried out to study the effects of 5 exploitation manners on soil and water losses. Results showed that the average annual rainfall in last decade was 1575.5mm, and the evaporation was 1461.1mm. The annual rainfall is mostly amassed in the first half of the year and the rainstorm of which occupies 11% of raining times and 50% of rainfall amount in the whole year. Strong rainfall frequently occurred in May, June, and August. During these periods, measure was needed to control soil and water losses. The land exploitation by building terraces had the higher function to avoid occurrence of runoff than that by down-slope. The coefficient of run off in terrace plots was 0.0688, with obviously lower than down-slope plots （0.2865）. Green covering measure had high function to increase soil water content and to control soil erosion than clean tillage. The 0-30cm soil water content in green covering plots increased 0.8 % -0.9% than in clean tillage plots. Green covering plots was not found soil erosion, but in clean tillage plots, soil erosion was serious. For terrace exploitation, erosion was found on wall, annual erosion mount was 10.3 kg/m, and erosion modulus for down-slope exploitation was 2 388.2 t/（km^2·a）.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2009年第3期30-34,41,共6页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
科技部星火计划项目(2007EA720019)
福建省科技厅重点项目"茶园水土保持技术研究与示范"(2005N050)
福建省科技厅重点项目"茶园水土保持技术与生态牧草综合利用示范推广"(2006S0048)
关键词
径流系数
侵蚀模数
土壤库容
垦殖方式
山地果园
runoff coefficient
erosion modulus
soil storage capacity
exploitation manner
hilly orchard
