1Beckman JA,Creager MA,Libby P.Diabetes and artherosclerosis:epidemiology,pathophysiology,and management[J].JAMA,2002,287(19):2570-2581.
2Matthews DR,Hosker JP,Rudenski AS,et al.Homeostasis model assessment:insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man[J].Diabetalogia,1985,28(7):412-419.
3Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Resarch Collaborative Group.Effects of carvedilol,a vasodilator-β-blocker,in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease[J].Circulation,1995,92(2):213-218.
4Kurz T,Richard D,Gorge B,et al.Differential effects of carvedilol on norepinephrine release in normal and ischemic heart[J].J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,2000,36(1):96-100.
5Cargnoni A,Ceconi C,Bernocchi P,et al.Reduction of oxidative stress by carvedilol:role in maintenance of ischemic myocardium viability[J].Cardiovasc Res,2000,47(3):556-566.
6Jacob s,Balletshofer B,Henriksen E J,et al.Beta-blocking agents in patients with insulin resistance:effects of vasodilating beta-blockers[J].Blood Press,1999,8(5-6):261-268.
7Bakris GL,Fonseca V,Katholi RE,et al.Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension:a randomized controlled trial[J].JAMA,2004,292(18):2227-2236.
8Krum H,Roecker EB,Mohacsi P,et al.Effects of initiating Carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure:results from the COPERNICUS study[J].JAMA,2003,289(6):712-718.
9Jonas M,Reicher-Reiss H,Boyko V,et al.Usefulness of beta-blocker therapy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Study Group[J].Am J Cardiol,1996,77(15):1273-1277.
10Noguchi N,Nishino K,Niki E.Antioxidant action of the antihypertensive drug,carvedilol,against lipid peroxidation[J].Biochem Pharmacol,2000,59(9):1069-1076.
1Mitrovic V ,Willenbrock R, Miric M, et al. Acute and 3-mouth treatment effects of candesartan cilexetil on hemodynamics, neurohormones, and clinical symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure[J]. Am Heart J,2003,15(3) :E14.