摘要
针对半干旱冷凉区玉米生产的制约因素——水分和温度，在定西地区布设了微地型种植方法、覆盖材料和补灌时期的综合试验研究。结果表明，坑种和沟种都能比平作接纳更多的降水，２３．６ｍｍ的降雨，使坑种０ｃｍ～１００ｃｍ的土壤贮水量增加了１９．４ｍｍ，沟种的增加了１８．４ｍｍ，平作的仅增加了８．５ｍｍ，并且能防霜冻，提高玉米出苗率。地膜覆盖能使玉米苗期０ｃｍ～１０ｃｍ的土温升高０．９℃～１．２℃。大喇叭口期补灌６０ｍｍ，使产量提高１４．６％～３２．７％；坑种盖地膜大喇叭口期补灌是当地玉米高产的最佳组合，沟种盖地膜大喇叭口期补灌的栽培模式，方法简单易行，又具有显著的增产作用。沟种地膜覆盖效果明显优于对照。秸秆覆盖不宜用于半干旱冷凉区玉米生产。
Soil water and soil temperature are main restrict factors of corn production in cold and semiarid area. A comprehensive study on the method of miniarea cultivation, material covering and supplementary irrigation period has been carried out. The results are as follows: both pit and ditch cultivation can collect more rainfall than flat cultivation. After a rainfall of 23.6 mm, the water capacity stored in soil from 0 to 100 cm of pit cultivation is increased to 19.4 mm and the capacity of ditch cultivation is increased to 18.4 mm, but the capacity of flat cultivation is only 8.5 mm. The pit and ditch cultivation can also prevent frost and increase germination rate. Plastic film can increase soil temperature from 0 to 10 cm to 0.9～1.2℃ in seeding stage of corn. Irrigation by 60 mm in key groth stage can make the output of corn increase to 14.6%～32.7%. The pit cultivation covered with plastic film and irrigated in key growth stage is the best measure of corn cultivation in the region. The ditch cultivation with plastic film and irrigated in key growth stage is also a good model, for the method is very easy, and has a function of increasing yield by a big margin. The ditch cultivation with palstic film is much better than flat cultivation covered with plastic film. Stalkcovered cultivation can not be used in corn production in this cold and semiarid area.
作者
曹国璠
Cao Guofan(Dryland Farming Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第2期13-18,共6页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家"九五"科技攻关项目
关键词
玉米
微型种植
覆盖材料
补灌时期
干旱区
miniarea cultivation, covering material, supplementary irrigation period
