2Kostoff R N. Peer review: the appropriate GPRA metric for research[J]. Science, 1997,277(8).
3National Science Foundation. Report of the Senior Assessment Panel of the International Assessment of the U. S.Mathematical Science[R]. NSF, Arlington, 1998.
4National Academy of Sciences. International Benchmarking of U. S. Material Science and Engineering research: Panel on International Benchmarking of U.S. Mathematics Research. NAS/NAE/IOM[R]. 1998.
5NRC. National Research Council Corporate Planning and Evaluation, IRAP Evaluation Study: Usage, Client Relevance and Programme Outcome Summary Report (Draft)[R]. Ottawa, 1990.
6Ziman J. Basic science in the UK, 1974 - 1994: bringing basic science in from the cold[ A ]. Cozzens, et al. Using Basic Research[C]. op cit, 1994.
7Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy. Evaluating Federal Research Programs: Research and the Government Performance and Results Act [ R ]. National Academy Press, 1999.
8Jewkes J, D Sawers, R Stillerman. The Sources of Invention(2^nd edition)[M]. New York: W W Norton & Co, 1969.
9Carter C, B R Williams. Industry and Technical Progress:Factors Governing the Speed of Application of Science to Industry[ M]. London: Oxford University Press, 1957.
10Martin Ben. The use of multiple indicators in the assessment of basic research[J]. Scientometrics, 1996, 36(3) : 343 -362.