摘要
选用合理有效的安全评价方法,在工艺危险分析和事故处理中至关重要。道化学火灾、爆炸指数法(F&EI)、危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)和保护层分析法(LOPA)作为重要的安全评价方法,在化工安全评价中得到了广泛应用。针对HAZOP分析的耗费时间长、主观性强等不足,提出了将F&EI、LOPA与HAZOP相结合的安全评价策略——F&EI评价可以为HAZOP分析提供必要的数据支持,判断评价单元的本质安全性,对具有本质安全性的单元可以少进行或不进行HAZOP分析;对具有较高风险的事故场景进行半定量的LOPA分析,提高评价过程的客观性。从HAZOP、LOPA风险矩阵的角度,讨论了利用F&EI判断后果严重程度的两种方式。同时从HAZOP、LOPA的信息共享上,讨论了较复杂事故场景下,可以借助LOPA完善未完成的HAZOP分析,并丰富HAZOP案例库。最后以1984年印度博帕尔事故为例,说明通过3种安全评价方法的数据与信息共享,风险评价过程更加方便、高效,评价结果更加全面、细致。
It is crucial to select reasonable and effective safety assessment methods in the process of technological hazard analysis and accident treatment. As vital safety assessment methods, Dow＇s Fire and Explosion Index （F＆EI）, Hazard and Operability （HAZOP） analysis and Layer of Protection Analysis （LOPA） have been widely applied. According to the fact that HAZOP is time-consuming and subjective, and the strategy of integrating F＆EI and LOPA with HAZOP is put forward： F＆EI offers necessary data support for HAZOP, evaluates the degree of inherent safety （HAZOP analysis is not necessarily applied for inherently safer units）; semiqualitative LOPA is applied for scenarios with higher risk to improve the objective of the assessment process. From the viewpoint of risk metrics two ways for determining consequence severity by F＆EI are discussed. In respect of information sharing for HAZOP and LOPA it is discussed under complex scenarios to complete the uncompleted HAZOP with LOPA and enriches the HAZOP case library. Finally taking the Bhopal disaster in India in 1984 as an example, it is illustrated that through the sharing of the data and information of the three safety assessment methods, .the risk assessment process is more convenient and efficient, and the assessment results are more comprehensive and meticulous.
出处
《计算机与应用化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第8期961-965,共5页
Computers and Applied Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金(20776010)
关键词
危险与可操作性分析
道化学火灾
爆炸指数法
保护层分析法
数据传输
信息共享
hazard and operability analysis, dow＇s fire and explosion index, layer of protection analysis, data transfer, information sharing
