摘要
压铸镁合金因含气量高而使得激光焊接气孔问题非常突出,为实现压铸镁合金的低气孔率焊接技术,通过对母材固态加热前后气孔孔特征参数、密度变化的分析以及焊前除氢后施焊与不除氢施焊气孔倾向的比较,研究了压铸镁合金中气体来源的特点及气孔形成过程.结果表明,母材中同时含有分子氢和原子氢,以高压气孔形式存在的分子氢以及以过饱和固溶形式存在的原子氢均是导致压铸镁合金激光焊产生大量气孔的原因,而向焊缝中引入Zr元素可以显著降低气孔倾向,但Zr的作用机理还有待于深入研究.
Because of their low density, high strength-to-weight ratio and high damping ca pacity, magnesium alloys have gained increasing applications in many fields, especially for die-cast magnesium alloys. The application of die-cast magnesium alloys in structures and repair welding of casting defects necessitates the development of welding techniques. As a high energy density thermal source, laser welding can reduce many welding defects compared with conventional welding methods, but pore formation during welding of die cast magnesium alloys is still a severe problem that has not been solved. This paper seeks to identify the mechanism of pore formation during laser welding of die cast magensium alloys and search for a metallurgic solution of porosity. The great tendency to pore formation in die-cast magnesium alloys is attributed to high gas content in the base metal. The characteristic of gas source in die-cast magnesium alloys and the process of pore formation during laser welding are studied by some experiments including analysis of characteristic parameters of pores （porosity, average diameter and number densities）, change of densities before and after heating（350 ℃, holding time 1 h） and pore formation tendency under different vacuo heating conditions （heating the base metal to 350 ℃ under vacuum environment of different holding time）. The results show that heating increases porosity, average diameter and number densities, which lead to the reduction of bulk density. Vacuo heating before welding can reduce porosity to a great extent, and with holding time prolonging, porosity reduces. In die casting, there are molecular hydrogen and atomic hydrogen in die-cast magnesium alloys. The hydrogen gas （molecular hydrogen） in high pressure pores in the base metal expands sharply in the molten pool, and the oversaturated atomic hydrogen can also form new pores or contribute to the growth of exsisting pores. That is to say that both molecular hydrogen and atomic hydrogen contribute to the pore formation of die-cast magnesium alloys during laser welding. During vacuo heating before welding, atomic hydrogen can escape in part through diffusion, thus reducing the tendency to form pores. With holding time of vacuo heating prolonging, the amount of atomic hydrogen escaping from the base metal increases, thus porosity reduces. Adding elements, which can combine hydrogen to form hydride, may be a possible solution to pore formation in die east magnesium alloys. Preliminary experiments show that adding Zr to welds during welding can reduce the tendency to form pores obviously, the reason for this needs further research.
出处
《金属学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第8期1006-1012,共7页
Acta Metallurgica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(50775124)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20060003070)资助~~
关键词
气孔
激光焊
压铸镁合金
分子氢
原子氢
pore, laser welding, die-cast magnesium alloys, hydrogen gas, atomic hydrogen
