摘要
水淹是植物遭受的主要的非生物胁迫之一。水淹胁迫使植物处于周期或长期的厌氧或缺氧状态,限制植物的需氧呼吸和维持生命活动所需的能量产生,导致土壤还原势的降低和有毒物质的积累,从而对植物的生存构成严重威胁。在长期的进化过程中,一些植物能够忍耐短期或长期的水淹生境而存活下来。目前分析植物感知水淹胁迫的主要途径为感知体内氧浓度的降低和感知体内乙烯浓度的增加。淹水胁迫下植株的适应策略主要包括:1)茎的伸长生长、不定根和通气组织的形成等形态学方面的适应;2)代谢途径的改变,淹水植物主要通过厌氧代谢获得维持生命的能量;3)通过体内乙烯、赤霉素和脱落酸等激素含量水平的改变来调节生理活动或形态、解剖等方面的变化;4)抗氧化酶系统对厌氧胁迫植株体内有毒的活性氧自由基的清除。运用分子生物学和生物信息学等手段找出由水淹胁迫诱导的相关基因并对其进行克隆,繁殖与培育具有耐水淹能力强的植物种类、品种和生态型,将是从事植物抗水淹胁迫研究的科研人员的目标和方向。
Submergence stress is one of the major abiotic stresses for plant survival. Plants under submergence are in the state of hypoxia or anoxia which limits aerobic respiration and energy productivity, leading to the decrease in soil redox potential and the accumulation in toxicants and threatening plant survival. Through adaptive evolutionary processes, many plant species can survive after a long-or short-term submergence. There are two major approaches to analyze the plant response and adaptation to submergence stress, one is to study the decrease of plant oxygen concentration, and the other is to investigate the increase of plant ethylene. The main adaptation strategies employed by the plants under submergence tress are 1 ） morphological adaptation via stem elongation and forming adventitious roots and aeration tissues, 2） change in metabolic pathways and energy production through anaerobic metabolism, 3 ） regulation of physiological activities by changing the hormone levels of ethylene, gibberellin, and abscisic acid or variation in morphology and anatomy, and 4） elimination of poisonous active oxygenic free radical by antioxidase system under anaerobic condition. Molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques can be used to study the mechanisms of plant adaptation to submergence at gene level.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第9期1871-1877,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国务院三峡建设委员会资助项目(SX2008-005)
关键词
植物
水淹胁迫
缺氧
适应策略
plant
submergence stress
anoxia
adaptation strategy.
