摘要
基于东北地区183个县级行政区域的统计数据,运用数理统计和G IS空间分析等方法,分析1980—2005年该区粮食单产空间格局变化特征及其动因,并划分粮食单产变化的空间类型。结果表明:①粮食单产水平较高的县域主要集中在松嫩平原黑土区和辽河平原区,单产水平较低的县域主要分布在松嫩平原北部、大小兴安岭、长白山地丘陵区和三江平原区;②区域粮食单产总体呈增长态势,单产水平增加的县域占有绝对控制地位,约占全部县域的83.61%;③粮食单产变化的区域差异显著,单产水平较高的区域总体表现为中部平原区向周边低山丘陵区扩张的趋势,单产水平较低的区域总体呈现南部向北部减缩的趋势;④农业投入变化是粮食单产空间格局变化的主要动因,农产品价格的影响不断扩大,自然灾害和农民收入变化的影响不容忽视;⑤依据1980年粮食单产和1980—2005年粮食单产平均增长率,可将东北地区粮食单产变化划分为5种空间类型。指出加快农业现代化建设、以及加强中低产田改造是提高区域粮食综合生产能力和增强粮食安全保障能力的主要途径。
As one of the most important commodity grain bases in China, Northeast China plays a very important role in ensuring national grain security. Based on the statistical data of 183 counties in Northeast China, spatial pattern of grain per unit area yield in the 1980s, 1990s and the early 21 st was discussed. The purpose of the study is to discover the regional difference and spatial characters of grain per unit area yield change Five spatial types are divided according to the coupled conditions of grain per unit area yield and its increasing ratio. The results show that ： 1 ） Counties with grain per unit area yield above national average levels are concentrating in black soil zone of Songnen and Liaohe Plain region ; but counties with grain per unit area yield below national average levels are concentrating in the northern part of Northeast China, eastern hilly areas and the Sanjiang Plain region. 2） Grain per unit area yield takes on increasing trend by and large, and counties that grain per unit area yield increased are in domination, accounting for 83.61% of the total number of the counties. 3 ） Regional difference is very obvious in variations of grain per unit area yield among the counties, inverse to the lower grain per unit area yield counties, regions with higher grain per unit area yield takes on an increasing trend as a whole. However, it takes on a regional difference before and after 1990s： region with grain per unit area yield above 6000 kg/ hm2 increases continuously, and region with grain per unit area yield between 3000 kg/hm^2 and 6000 kg/hm^2 enlarges by and large, but witnessing a course of enlargement to lessen ; and region with grain per unit area yield below 3000 kg/hm^2 experiences a continuous decreasing course. 4） Grey correlation analysis shows that the most important factors affecting variation of grain per unit area yield are the total power of agricultural machine, total consumption of chemical fertilizer, effective irrigated area, and price factors. However, the influence of natural disaster and net income of per farmer should not be ignored. 5 ） According to grain per unit area yield of 1980 and its average increasing ratio from 1980 to 2005 of the counties, five spatial types can be demarcated, which include better foundation -faster development region, better foundation -slower development region, and weaker foundation - faster development region, weaker foundation - slower development region and weaker foundation - minus increase region. It is an important way to improve grain per unit area yield by accelerating construction of agriculture modernization and strengthening reconstruction of medium-low yield farmland in order to ensure progress of comprehensive grain production ability and enhance the ability of ensuring national grain security.
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第9期1541-1549,共9页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
黑龙江省科技攻关重点项目(GB08D101-3)
国家自然科学基金(40601027)
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所学科前沿领域项目(KZCX3-SW-NA3-19)
关键词
人文地理学
空间格局
数理统计
粮食单产
东北地区
human geography
spatial pattern
mathematical statistics
grain per unit area yield
Northeast China
