摘要
本文是对傅稻镰等人最近的文章批评中国栽培水稻起源研究缺乏证据、提出长江下游水稻栽培开始于公元前4000年这一观点一文的回应。我们首先考察中国从野生稻采集到水稻栽培过程研究的相关文献,进而从水稻形态学和考古学的角度对早期水稻遗存加以研究。讨论集中在以下三个方面:长江流域最早水稻栽培的时间;长江下游和淮河流域初期栽培水稻的遗存;考古遗存所见水稻粒形态大小变化的意义。我们也考察了傅文用来区分野生水稻和栽培水稻的几个标准:考古纪录中所见的未成熟稻遗存、水稻粒的增大和水稻粒的形态。根据已经发表的资料和我们对水稻的研究,我们认为到全新世早期(距今9000年前后),南北中国的新石器时代居民就可能已经收获野生稻并开始水稻栽培了。
This paper is a response, both to Fuller et al.＇s recent criticism of Chinese research on rice domestication, as lacking evidence, and to their argument for the beginning of rice domestication around 4000 BC in the lower Yangzi River. We first survey previous pubhcations that discuss the process from wild rice collection torice domestication in China, and then examine early rice remains from the perspectives of rice morphology and archaeological context. We focus on three aspects： the timing of the initial rice domestication in the Yangzi River region; the earliest presence of domesticated rice in the Lower Yangzi and Huai River regions; and the implications of changes in rice grain sizes in archaeological assemblages. We also discuss problems relating to the pre^nce of immature rice remains in the archaeological r^ord, grain size increase and overall grain shape,which are three of the criteria used by Fuller et at. for distinguishing domesticated from wild rice. Based on published data and our research on rice, we demonstrate that by the early Holocene （9000 cal. BP ）,Neolithic people in both north and south China may have been harvesting wild rice and initiating rice cultivation that eventually led to domestication.
出处
《南方文物》
2009年第3期25-37,共13页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会(ARC)发现基金(DP500982)
拉筹伯大学博士后奖学金和中国国家自然科学基金(40472087)的资助
关键词
野生稻收获水稻栽培水稻形态学
新石器时代早期农业
上山
贾湖
中国全新世
Wild rice harvesting, rice domestication, rice morphology, Neolithic, early agriculture,Shangshan, Jiahu, China, Holocene.
