摘要
中华秋沙鸭对岸边针阔混交林生境具有选择性。对岸边各生境河段出现中华秋沙鸭的频次进行卡方(Chisquare)检验,x^2值为29.424,相伴概率P<0.001,说明在各生境河段中华秋沙鸭出现的频次有显著性差异。通过对中华秋沙鸭活动觅食地选择的研究,发现中华秋沙鸭利用与非利用样方各生境因子中隐蔽度(P=0.008)、乔木胸径(P=0.002)、乔木高度(P=0.000)、灌丛盖度(P=0.000)、草本盖度(P=0.006)、河段宽度(P=0.028)和距公路距离(P=0.001)有显著差异(P<0.05)。说明中华秋沙鸭喜欢利用隐蔽度高、乔木胸径大、乔木高度较高、灌丛盖度较大、草本盖度较大、河段宽度较窄、距公路距离较远的生境。对中华秋沙鸭活动觅食地各生境因子主成分分析表明,中华秋沙鸭生境选择的主因子为乔木因子、水平隐蔽因子、干扰因子、地形因子、高空隐蔽因子、水因子和乔木密度因子。
Chinese merganser preferred to select the habitat of the coniferous broad-leafed mixed forest on the river bank.Chisquare test of their appearance on different channel habitats was that X^2=29.24,partner probability P0.001,indicating that differences were significant;for habitat factors on their foraging quadrats,differences were significant：hide rate（P=0.008）,DBH of trees（P=0.002）,height of trees（P=0.000）,density of shrub（P=0.000）,density of grass（P=0.006）,river width （P=0.028）,distance from the road（P=0.001）;differences was significant;following habitat factors were preferred：high conceal degree,large DBH and high of trees,shrub and grass of large coverage,narrow river,relative distant from roads;principal component analysis of habitat factors of foraging sites showed that main factors for selection were tree,horizontal concealment,disturbance, topography,concealment in sky,water and tree density.
