摘要
11—20世纪的中国江南地区自宋以降已经迈入农商社会的门槛,而与此前建立在自给自足小农经济之上的汉唐社会和同时期的华北地区相区别。从商品性农业的成长,市镇网络的形成,早期工业化进程的启动,经济开放度的提高,以及交换手段、商业信用、包买商和雇佣劳动等角度概括出江南农商社会的五大特征。江南农商社会形成于宋元,成熟于明清,自晚清以后发生调整和分化。历史上中国宏观经济盛衰变化的长波受到生态、战乱和制度三个要素的影响和制约,尤以制度要素最为重要。在海外贸易的拉动之下,东南沿海地区自宋元至明初已现开放型市场经济的雏形,却因明清专制集权政府闭关锁国政策之打击而步履蹒跚,终在18世纪西方工业革命之后落后于政治民主、经济自由之世界演进大势。江南区域经济近千年的变迁轨迹表明,经济现代化历程是先从市场化发轫,再发展到工业化、城市化,即由商业革命引发工业革命,从流通领域进入生产领域。
From the llth to 20th century, the Jiangnan district has entered the threshold of agriculture - commercial society since Song Dynasty, which distinguishes from former Han and Tang Dynasties lying on self--sufficient peasant economy and the same period of north Chinaarea. Its five characteristics are summed up from the growth of cash farming, the formation of market town network, the start--up of early industrialization process, economic openness increases due to market expansion, as well as means of exchange, commercial credit, merchant employer, hired labour and the growth of other new economic factors. The JiangNan agriculture- commercial society formed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, matured in Ming and Qing dynasties, adjusted and differentiated since Late Qing Dynasty. The rise and fall of China＇s macro --economic changes in history influenced and restricted by the ecology, war and the system, among which system is the most important. Under the pull of overseas trade, the southeast coastal areas has presented the embryonic form of an open market economy from Song, Yuan to early Ming Dynasty. But it faltered from the striking of Ming and Qing autocratic totalitarian government＇s policy of seclusion , and finally fell behind the general evolutionary trend of the political democracy, economic freedom after the Industrial Rev- olution in the 18th century. The changes in the past millennium of Jiangnan regional economic track show that economic modernization process started firstly from market, then developed into industrialization and urbanization. That is that commercial revolution triggered the industrial revolution from the circulation field into the production area.
出处
《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第5期571-585,共15页
Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)
关键词
江南区域经济
农商社会
宏观经济长波
现代化历程
Jiangnan regional economy
agriculture- commercial society
macro--economic long wave
modernization process
