摘要
本文从共时与历时角度揭示了整体与部分关系在汉语构词中的突显性。汉语要指称部分可以用"整体+部分"式偏正复合词来表达,这种构词方式是随着双音化的发展而多起来的。在句法层面,也有一些特殊的格式适于突出表达整体与部分的关系,其特点是通过描写部分来说明整体,这些句式将整体和部分都放在突出的句法位置上。本文提出一个假设:一个语言的词汇与句法有着密切的关联,词汇组织中重要的、得到词汇编码的语义关系,在句法中也是突显的,会体现在专门的句法结构中。而且,在词汇组织与句法结构中所突显的侧面也是一致的。
Many compounds in Chinese are formed by two morphemes with one indicating the whole and the other the part. We call this kind of compounds ＂whole-part＂ compounds,in which the morpheme referring to the whole is in the modifying position,while that referring to the part is the head. Historically,in Chinese,there were words indicating a specific part that became to refer to the whole as the result of some metonymic semantic change. Also,some mono-syllabic words referring to parts were replaced by ＂whole-part＂ compounds. At the syntactic level, there are some constructions that reflect in a prominent way the part-whole relation semantically. We hypothesize that lexical system and the syntactic system are correlated with each other. Semantic relations that are encoded prominently in lexical system most probably get prominent encoding in syntactic system as well.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第4期435-442,共8页
Chinese Teaching in the World
基金
国家社会科学基金的资助(项目批准号:08CYY022)
关键词
整体部分关系
词汇语义
词法
句法
＂whole-part＂ relation
lexical semantics
morphology
syntax
