摘要
【目的】通过研究长木蜂Xylocopa tranquebarorum筑巢和贮粮行为,为进一步查明独栖性蜂类行为特点、开发新的蜂类资源提供依据。【方法】采用目测和拍照等方法对长木蜂的整个筑巢过程进行了连续观察,用游标卡尺对巢口大小进行测量,采用室内解剖巢室对长木蜂贮蜂粮的大小和数量进行观测。【结果】长木蜂主要在竹子上筑巢,偶尔也发现在芦苇上筑巢。最喜欢选择竹节直径1.2～2.5cm的孝顺竹Bambusa multiplex和刚竹属Phyllostachys的竹种上筑巢。其筑巢过程为:雌蜂寻找合适的筑巢地点,咬巢口,清理巢室,采集花粉蜜制作蜂粮,在蜂粮上产卵,制作巢室隔板。筑巢地点主要位于离旧巢1m以内的位置。雌蜂啃咬巢口平均用时(292±29)min,制作一块蜂粮需采集粉蜜22～40次,采集粉蜜平均用时(17.31±0.52)min/次,携粉蜜回巢滞留时间平均为(16.45±1.08)min/次;巢中卸落粉蜜平均用时为(15.29±1.03)min/次,一生贮蜂粮平均6块左右;蜂粮近长方形,长12～18mm,宽6～10mm,平均重量(0.7140±0.0269)g。【结论】长木蜂雌蜂不同个体之间筑巢行为相似,而采集粉蜜的次数和贮蜂粮所用时间均有显著差异。
[ Aim ] In order to discover the behavior feature of solitary pollinates and provide the basis for developing new resource of bees, the research on the behavior of nesting and food-storing of Xylocopa tranquebarorum （Swederus） was carried out. [ Methods ] The whole nesting process of X. tranquebarorum was observed through visual observation and photographing, and the nest hole size of X. tranquebarorum was measured with vernier caliper. We also observed the single bee bread size and the number of all bee bread brewed throughout its lifespan using nest anatomy in the laboratory. [ Results ] X. tranquabarorum normally nests on the bamboo, occasionally also on the reed. The favorite bamboo species of them were Bambusa multiplex and Phyllostachys spp. with stem diameter about 1.2 - 2.5 cm. The nesting behavior included six successive phases： （1） the female chose suitable nesting site; （2） the female excavated the bamboo culm to make an entrance of nest; （3） the female cleaned its nest; （4） the female collected pollen and nectar to brew bee bread; （5） the female lay one egg on every bee bread; （6） at last it would construct cell partition to separate the bee bread from the others. Most of nests were located in 1 m away from old nests. The female needed 292（±29） rain to finish one entrance of nest. The female spent 17.31 （ ± 0.52） min in each pollen and nectar collecting trip and 22 to 40 pollen and nectar collecting trips to finish one bee bread. The female would spend 16.45 （ ± 1.08） rain to stay in nest and 15.29 （ ± 1.03） min to unload the pollen and nectar to finish one of the six pieces of bee bread which it would make throughout its lifespan. The bee bread was near rectangular, 12 - 18 mm long and 6 - 10 mm wide, and its weight was about 0. 7140（ ± 0. 0269） g. [ Conclusions] The nesting behavior among different female individuals of X. tranquebarorum was similar, while the number of pollen and nectar collecting trips and the period of food-storing among different individuals were significantly different.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第9期984-993,共10页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
南京林业大学"十.五"人才工程项目(PD2005-01)
关键词
长木蜂
筑巢行为
访花行为
贮粮行为
竹子
Xylocopa tranquebarorum
nesting habit
foraging behavior
food-storing behavior
bamboo
