3[1]Kum CK, Eypasch E, Lefering R, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute and cholecystitis: Is it really safe. World J Surg,1996,20:43-49.
4[2]Shea JA,Healey MJ ,Berlin JA,et al. Mortality and complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A meta - analysis. Ann Surg, 1996,224: 609-620.
5[3]Alponat A,Kum CK,Koh BC, et al. Predictive factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg, 1997,21:629-633.
6[4]Liu CL, Fan ST, Lai ECS, et al. Factors effecting conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery. Arch Surg, 1996,131:98-101.
7[5]Wiebke EA,Pruitt AL,Howard TJ,et al. Conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: An analysis of risk factors. Surg Endosc,1996,10: 743-745.
8[6]Kama NA,Kolcglu M,Doganay M,et al.A risk score for conversion for laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Am J Surg, 2001, 181:520-525.
9黄志强，外科理论与实践，1999年，4期，13页
10Deziel DI,Millikan KW,EconomonSG,et al.Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy:A national survey of 4292 hospitalsand an analysis of 77604 cases.Am J Surg,1993,165∶9-11.
