摘要
目的探讨膝关节半月板囊肿的临床发病特点。方法回顾性分析2001年1月～2007年12月104例膝关节半月板囊肿患者的临床资料。对性别和年龄分布、创伤因素、临床表现、囊肿性状、合并半月板损伤等进行研究。结果膝关节半月板手术共计5986例,其中半月板囊肿104例(1.7%),内、外侧半月板囊肿的发生比为1∶12(8∶96)。年龄(30.7±12.2)岁(13～65岁),男女比为1.2∶1。60例(57.7%)有创伤史,创伤因素中以运动伤最多见(32例),运动项目主要为足球(11例)和篮球(8例)。临床表现主要为疼痛(102例,98.1%)和局部肿物(50例,48.1%),查体可及关节隙压痛(85例,81.7%)和突起(79例,76.0%),可伴半月板损伤的体征。内侧半月板囊肿多见于半月板的体后部和后角(5/8,62.5%),外侧半月板囊肿以前角至体部多见(88/96,91.7%)(χ2=15.167,P=0.000),半月板损伤以含有层裂的复合裂(52/104,50.0%)及单纯层裂(25/104,24.0%)最多见,盘状半月板合并囊肿占5.8%(6/104)。结论膝关节半月板囊肿发生率较低,多数发生在外侧半月板,发病原因主要有半月板损伤和黏液样退变两种。内侧半月板囊肿多见于体后部,外侧半月板囊肿多见于前体部,大多数合并半月板层裂损伤。
Objective To study the clinical features of meniscal cyst of the knee. Methods From January 2001 to December 2007, totally 5986 cases of meniscus operation were performed in our hospital, 104 of them were diagnosed as having meniscal cyst in the knee. The clinical data of these patients, including gender and age distributions, causes and mechanism of injury, clinical presentations, characteristics of the cyst, and the type of the injury, were investigated. Results Incidence rate of meniscal cyst was 1.7% （104/5986） and the ratio between medial and lateral meniscal cysts was 1：12 （8： 96）. The mean age of the 104 patients was （30.7±12.2） years （range, 13 to 65 years）, and the radio of male to female was 1.2 to 1. Of the patients, 60 cases （57.7%） had history of trauma, 32 or them were hurt in sports, including football （ 11 cases） , basketball （8 cases） and others. The most common primary symptom was pain （102 cases, 98.1% ） , followed by swelling （50 cases, 48.1% ）. Tenderness over the joint line （85 cases, 81.7% ） and palpable mass （79 cases, 76.0% ） with or without signs of meniscal tear were common presentations. The anterior and middle portions of the medial meniscus （5/8, 62.5% ） , and posterior extension of the lateral meniscus （88/96, 91.7% ） were the most commonly involved sites （X^2 = 15. 167, P = 0. 000）. The most frequently observed meniscal tear was a horizontal cleavage, alone （25/104, 24.0% ） or associated with another types of lesions （52/104,50.0%）. In 5.8% （6/104） of the cases, the discoid meniscus was involved. Conclusions Meniscus cysts are unusual. The ratio between medial and lateral meniseal cysts favors the lateral meniscus. Meniscal tear and myxoid degeneration are the common causes of the cyst. The most frequently observed meniscal tear is a horizontal cleavage, and the anterior and middle portions of the medial meniscus and posterior extensions of the lateral meniscus are the most commonly involved sites.
出处
《中国微创外科杂志》
CSCD
2009年第11期1032-1034,1041,共4页
Chinese Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery
