摘要
目的:介绍阳离子聚合物非病毒基因载体的种类,并分析它们各自的特点和作用。资料来源:以基因治疗,非病毒载体,阳离子聚合物,壳聚糖,环糊精为检索词,检索清华同方数据库(1980-01/2009-01)。以gene therapy,non-viral vectors,Cationic polymer,chitosan,cyclodextrin为检索词,检索sciencedirect数据库(1980-01/2009-01)。文献检索语种限制为英文和中文。资料选择:纳入阳离子聚合物作为非病毒基因载体的实验研究,排除其他形式基因载体的研究。结局评价指标:①细胞毒性。②基因表达率。③转染效率。结果:计算机初检得到154篇文献,根据纳入排除标准,对阳离子聚合物作为非病毒基因载体的种类和治疗作用进行分析。目前,应用于基因治疗的载体主要有病毒载体和非病毒载体两种。病毒载体转染效率高,但存在免疫原性高、毒性大、目的基因容量小、靶向特异性差、制备较复杂及费用较高等缺点。因此,人们愈来愈重视非病毒载体的研究。阳离子聚合物作为非病毒基因载体显示出巨大的优势和潜力。它不但可以降低药物在细胞内的蓄积和毒性,还可以通过自身的降解来控制基因的释放。阳离子聚合物用作非病毒基因治疗载体包括多聚赖氨酸类共聚物、聚氨酯、聚乙烯亚胺阳离子共聚物、聚磷腈类、壳聚糖类及其衍生物和环糊精及其衍生物。结论:阳离子非病毒载体相比于其他非病毒载体,具有毒性低,基因转染率高,释药可控制等优点,是一种相对安全、高效的非病毒基因载体。
OBJECTIVE： To review the variety of cationic polymers as non-viral gene vectors, and to analyze their individual character and function. DATA SOURCES： Using gene therapy, non-viral carriers, cationic polymer, chitosan and cyclodextrin as key words, search literature from Qinghua tongfang database （1980-01/2009-01）. Literature published in English was found out from Sciencedirect database （1980-01/2009-01） as terms of gene therapy, non-viral vectors, cationic polymer, chitosan and cyclodextrin. Language preference of literature was Chinese and English. DATA SELECTION： Experimental research of cationic polymers as non-viral gene vectors was included, and reports concerning other materials as gene carries were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Cytotoxicity. ②Gene expression. ③Transfection efficiency RESULTS： A total of 154 papers were obtained by initial search with computer. Variety and medical function of cationic polymers as non-viral gene vectors were investigated on the basis of standards of exclusion and admission. Recently, gene carriers in gene therapy can be divided into viral gene system and non-viral gene system. Although viral vectors displayed rather good transfection properties, there were a large number of problems associated with the use of these vectors. These drawbacks included high immunogenicity ratio, severe toxicity, and low capacity on targeting gene, low specificity for targeting tissue, high complexity and expenditure for preparation. Therefore non-viral vectors became a focus on the study of gene therapy. Cationic polymer as a non-viral tool had shown the tremendous priority and potential, compared with other tools. It not only can reduce the accumulation and toxicity of polymer in cells, but also control the release of gene by adjusting its degradation. Cationic polymers as non-viral gene vectors included Poly（L-lysine）, Polyurethanes, polyethylenimine, poly（phosphazenes）, chitosan and cyclodextrin. CONCLUSION： Compared with other non-viral carries, cationic polymers had merits of low cytotoxicity, high gene transfection and controllable drug release, which tended to be a non-viral gene carrier with relative safety and high efficiency.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第42期8329-8332,共4页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
