摘要
采用小区试验,在温室滴灌条件下研究了不同生育阶段土壤水分状况对番茄果实大小、坐果数、畸形果及产量形成过程的影响,分析了温室滴灌条件下番茄总产量与灌水量的关系.结果表明：番茄苗期适度水分亏缺（田间持水量的50%~55%）可提高坐果率,畸形果形成减少,但果实总体偏小,果实成熟主要集中在采摘后期;开花坐果期过度水分亏缺（田间持水量的65%以下）虽可促进果实成熟,但降低了坐果数,易形成小果和畸形果;采摘期水分过高（田间持水量的80%以上）或过低（田间持水量的65%以下）均可降低番茄产量,水分亏缺（田间持水量的65%以下）则使坐果数降低、畸形果增加.各水分处理对果实成熟时间无明显影响;温室番茄总产量、灌溉水利用效率与全生育期灌水总量之间均呈二次抛物线关系;当番茄土壤水分（占田间持水量的百分比）下限控制在苗期60%~65%、开花坐果期70%~75%、成熟采摘期70%~75%时,番茄畸形果形成量减少,产量及坐果率较高,可作为滴灌条件下温室番茄适宜的土壤水分控制指标.
Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture regime ent growth stages on the fruit size, fruit number, percentage of malformed fruit, and yield of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation, and the relationships between tomato yield and amount. Moderate soil water deficit （50%-55% of field capacity） at tomato＇ s seedling at differformation irrigation stage in- creased the fruit number but reduced the fruit size, decreased the percentage of malformed fruit, and made the fruit maturation mainly concentrated in later picking period. Severe water deficit （ less than 65% of field capacity） at flowering and fruit-developing stages promoted fruit maturation, but decreased fruit number and increased the formation of small and malformed fruits. The soil moisture content higher than 80% or lower than 65% of filed capacity at fruit maturation stage less affected fruit maturation but decreased fruit yield, and lower than 65% of filed capacity also decreased the fruit number and increased the percentage of malformed fruit. No significant effects of irrigation amount on fruit maturation were observed. The correlations of tomato yield and its water use efficiency with irrigation amount could be well described by total yield were higher while the percentage of malformed quadratic function. The fruit number and fruit was lower when the soil moisture content was controlled at 60%--65% of field capacity at seedling stage, 70%--75% of field capacity at flowering stage＋, and 70%-75% of field capacity at fruit-developing stage, which could be used as the optimal soil moisture indices for the greenhouse tomato production under drip irrigation.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第11期2699-2704,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(50779071)
国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA100203
2006AA100209)资助.
关键词
番茄
土壤水分
产量
温室
滴灌
tomato
soil moisture
yield
greenhouse
drip irrigation.
