摘要
【目的】研究不同土壤质地下灌水处理对小麦耗水特性和籽粒淀粉组分积累及粒重与产量的影响,为小麦节水高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】在2004-2005年和2006-2007年小麦生长季,以强筋小麦济麦20为材料进行田间试验,采用水分平衡法计算小麦生育期间耗水量,双波长法测定籽粒淀粉含量,以淀粉含量乘以粒重求得淀粉积累量。【结果】2004-2005生长季,在土壤质地为壤土的条件下,W1处理(底墒水、拔节水和开花水各灌60mm,籽粒产量为8701.23kg·hm-2)的耗水量低于W2处理(底墒水、冬水、拔节水和开花水各灌60mm,籽粒产量为9159.30kg·hm-2),土壤水利用效率与W2处理无显著差异,降水占耗水量的百分率、灌水利用效率和水分利用效率高于W2处理;成熟期各处理粒重无显著差异。2006-2007生长季,在土壤质地为砂质壤土的条件下,W3'处理(底墒水、冬水、拔节水和开花水各灌60mm)获得最高籽粒产量,耗水量和降水占耗水量的百分率与其他灌水处理无显著差异;土壤水和降水利用效率、水分利用效率均显著高于其它处理,灌水利用效率显著低于其他处理;成熟期粒重与W2'处理(底墒水、拔节水和开花水各灌60mm)无显著差异,均高于其它处理。在W1处理冬前期和开花期0～140cm土层和拔节期0～80cm土层土壤相对含水量高于W0处理(生育期不浇水)的基础上,拔节期和开花期各灌水60mm,增加了灌浆后期支链淀粉积累量,减少了直链淀粉积累量,提高了支链淀粉含量/直链淀粉含量比值(支/直比);在W2处理拔节期和开花期80～140cm土层土壤相对含水量高于W1处理的基础上,拔节期和开花期各灌水60mm,对灌浆末期支链淀粉和直链淀粉积累量无显著调节效应。【结论】在保水能力较强的壤土上,W1处理灌浆末期籽粒直链淀粉积累量低于W0处理,支链淀粉积累量和支链淀粉含量/直链淀粉含量比值高于W0处理,并获得了较高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,进一步增加灌水量对淀粉组分积累量无显著调节效应,水分利用效率降低。在保水能力较差的砂质壤土上,W3'处理获得最高籽粒产量和水分利用效率。可供壤土和砂质壤土条件下小麦生产中确定灌水方案参考。
【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of different irrigation treatments on characteristics of water consumption,grain starch components accumulation,grain weight and yield in wheat under different soil texture,so as to provide a theoretical basis for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of wheat.【Method】 The research was carried out with strong gluten wheat cultivar Jimai 20 by setting different irrigation times and amounts in wheat growth seasons in 2004-2005 and 2006-2007,Water balance measurement was used to calculate water consumption amount during the wheat growth period,and Dual-Wavelength Spectrophotometry was used to determine the amylose and amylopectin content,then the starch accumulation amount was calculated.【Result】 In the 2004-2005 growth season（in clay-soil field）,60 mm of water being irrigated respectively at pre-sowing stage,jointing stage and anthesis stage in W1 treatment（the grain yield under this treatment was 8 701.23 kg·hm^-2） and 60mm of water was irrigated respectively at pre-sowing stage,pre-winter stage,jointing stage and anthesis stage in W2 treatment（the grain yield in this treatment was 9 159.30 kg·hm^-2）.The water consumption amount was lower in treatment W1 than that in treatment W2,while precipitation enjoy a higher percentage in water consumption amount in W1 treatment,and irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency were higher,but soil water use efficiency had no significant difference between W1 and W2 treatments.The grain weight at maturity had no significant difference among all the treatments.In the 2006-2007 growth season（in sandy-soil field）,treatment W3＇ under which 60mm of water was irrigated respectively at pre-sowing stage,pre-winter stage,jointing stage and anthesis stage got the highest grain yield.There was no significant difference in water consumption amount and the percentage of precipitation in water consumption amount between treatment W3＇ and other irrigation treatments,while the soil water and precipitation use efficiency and water use efficiency were higher in treatment W3＇ than those in other irrigation treatments,but the irrigation water use efficiency was lower in treatment W3＇ than those in other irrigation treatments.The grain weight had no significant difference between treatment W3＇ and W2＇ which was irrigated 60 mm of water at pre-sowing stage,jointing stage and anthesis stage respectively,but were higher than that of other treatments.Treatment W1 had higher soil water relative content in 0-140 cm soil layer at pre-winter stage and anthesis stage in 0-80 cm soil layer at jointing stage than those in treatment W0 which no irrigation,then 60 mm of water was irrigated respectively at jointing stage and anthesis stage,and the treatment W1 got lower amolyse accumulation amount and higher amylopectin accumulation amount at late grain filling period and higher value of amylopectin content to amolyse content at maturity period than those in treatment W0.Treatment W2 had higher soil water relative content in 80-140 cm soil layer at jointing stage and anthesis stage than those in treatment W1,then 60 mm of water was irrigated respectively at jointing stage and anthesis stage,but the amylopectin accumulation amount,amolyse accumulation amount and grain weight had no significant change.【Conclusion】 In clay-soil field which has better ability of water conservation,the amolyse accumulation amount was lower in W1 treatment than W0 treatment,and amylopectin accumulation amount and the ratio of amylopectin content to amolyse content in grains in W1 treatment were higher than those in W0 treatment,and the grain yield and water use efficiency were also higher.The increase of irrigation amount had no significant effect on the starch component accumulation amount and grain weight,while water use efficiency was decreased.The highest grain yield and highest water use efficiency were achieved in W3＇ treatment in sandy-soil field which had lower ability of soil conservation.The result has provided a reference for the irrigation strategy of wheat production in clay-soil field and sandy-soil field.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第12期4218-4227,共10页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(30871478)
山东农业大学青年科技创新基金(23454)
关键词
灌水处理
强筋小麦
耗水特性
淀粉组分
粒重
籽粒产量
irrigation treatment
strong gluten wheat
water consumption characteristics
starch components
grain weight
grain yield
