摘要
观察研究了小麦胚乳细胞的发育,淀粉体的增殖变化和颖果中的输导系统。结果如下:(1)胚乳核的分裂分为有丝分裂与无丝分裂两种形式,以有丝分裂为主。分裂的速度显著受温度影响,在平均气温18℃时核分裂周期为9.2h,30℃时核的分裂周期为5.4h。小麦胚乳细胞分裂的持续时间为16d,即在籽粒鲜重达最大值的75％时分裂停止。(2)花后第3d,游离核在分裂末期产生成膜体,形成细胞壁。花后第7d,胚乳细胞中出现淀粉体,并开始积累淀粉;大小淀粉体数目在细胞间变幅很大。花后第9d,胚乳细胞中出现蛋白质体,蛋白质在粗糙内质网上形成,通过高尔基体转移,积累在液泡中。大的蛋白质体可由小的蛋白质体合并产生。(3)由腹部维管束卸出的灌浆物质需经过质外体后才能进入胚乳。
The development and proliferation of endosperm cells and starch in wheat and
the pathway of nutrient entering the endosperm were observed in this study. The main results
were as follows: (1) Wheat endosperm nucleus division proceeded in two forms, amitosis and mi
tosis, and the later being the major one. The division speed was influenced remarkably by tem
perature. At 18 ℃ on average, the free-nucleus division cycle was 9. 2 h, while at 30 ℃, it was
5.4 h. The endosperm cell division lasted 16 d, that is, the division would stop when grain fresh
weight attained 75% of its maximum. 3 days after flowering, phragmoplast appeared in free nu
clei during telophase, and then formed the cell wall. 7 days after flowering, amyloplast emerged
in endosperm cell, and then began to accumulate starch. The number of amyloplast (big or
small) varied greatly in different cells. 9 days after flowering, protein bodies emerged in en
dosperm cells. Protein bodies were formed in endoplasmic reticulum, transfered through dic-
tyosome, and accumulated in vacuole. Small protein bodies might merge together and form big
protein bodies. (3) The milky material unloaded from the abdominal vascular bundle might pass
through apoplast, and then go into embryo.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第5期536-543,共8页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
