摘要
西魏北周是实行均田制的最大受益者,它实现了国家对小农的超强度压榨及土地的严格控制,但没有出现小农大规模破产的情况,这主要在于西魏北周以国家力量扶植小农,将小农流亡沦为荫户的数量控制在较小的范围内。通过均田掌握了大量土地的西魏北周国家,在豪族大土地所有制的形成中起着主导性的作用,使豪族在经济上与国家的结合更为紧密。西魏北周均田制取得"成功",对豪族大土地所有制的控制之所以较为有效,也与西魏北周胡汉豪族自发抑制土地兼并的"国家意识"、"家无余财"的清贫之风有着重要关系。因此,西魏北周较为成功地处理了国家利益与维持小农生产、豪族大土地所有制关系的难题,成为北周由弱转强灭掉强齐的一个重要原因。
The Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties were the biggest beneficiaries of the system of equal distribution of land. It made the governments realize its exploitation of peasants to the utmost extent and strict control over land. However, it did not result in large scale bankruptcy of peasants because the government helped peasants with national strength by controlling exiled peasants to the smallest number. After controlling a large amount of land through equal land distribution system, the governments of the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties played a dominant role in the formation of powerful families＇ large-scale land ownership and made powerful families more closely connected with the government economically. The government＇s success in the system of equal land distribution was also closely connected with powerful families＇ ＂national consciousness＂. Consequently, the Western Wei and Northern Zhou successfully handled the relationship between national interests and keeping small peasant production and powerful families＇ large-scale land ownership and made the Northern Zhou become powerful and able to swallow up powerful Qi.
出处
《许昌学院学报》
CAS
2009年第6期19-22,共4页
Journal of Xuchang University
关键词
西魏北周
小农
豪族
大土地所有制
均田制
Western Wei Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty
small farmer
wealthy and powerful families
large-scale land ownership
system of equal distribution of land
