摘要
为研究驾驶员在夜间地面动态环境中距离判识变化的规律,改进行车安全,选取32名驾驶员进行实际道路试验。被试在自车行进方向不同的深度距离、车速下,判识前方障碍物的绝对距离和相对距离。统计距离判识值,得出夜间距离判识值数据分布,取得距离判识特征值。回归分析判识距离与速度的关系,建立障碍物判识变化的数学模型。比较昼夜距离判识差异,分析其对夜间行车安全的影响。结果表明:在车辆行驶深度方向,夜间距离判识值随速度增加而不断下降,两者之间呈负指数关系;在相同深度距离和速度下,夜间判识距离大于昼间;夜间行车时,需适当降低车速,确保有效的安全距离。
The present paper intends to report the results of its author＇s experimental study with the variation regularity of the drivers＇ distance recognition in a case study with 32 drivers participating in. The 32 driver-subjects were chosen randomly with the purpose of improving the driving safety and finding better ways for improving their driving performance under different driving conditions. The actual experiment was designed in the following way： in the direction of carrunning, two obstacles and marks of perceptible positions were laid out. The driver-subjects are asked to identify the absolute distance, that is, the distance between the subject and the first obstacle under different driving velocities and depth distances respectively. At the same time, the subjects are asked to tell the relative distance between the two obstacles. Later, statistical methods were used to analyze the recognition values of the driver-subjects at night with distribution modes classified into respective levels. In addition, all the recognition results were found to obey the regular distribution categories with mean value detected under the same speed and depth distance as the characteristic features of recognition. Observing carefully the relation between the recognition distance and the velocity by regression function, mathematics models of cognition distances were found altered with the velocity at different depth distances. The comparison between the recognition values at day time and night time helps us to conclude that the distance and safety feeling for the driverubjects vary with their recognition of speeds and depth distances with the variation of time and other corresponding driving conditions. The results of our experiments also show the continuous decrease of their recognition values with the increase of driving speed in the steering direction and negative exponential function found related between the two sides at night. In spite of this, the distance recognition value at night was found greater than at day time under the same depth distance and velocity, though more care was found to be taken or proper slowown of the driving speed is needed at night.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第6期156-159,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(50778023)
关键词
交通运输安全工程
交通安全
机动车
驾驶员
动态环境
夜间照度
距离判识
traffic and transportation safety engineering
trat35c safe ty
motor vehicles
drivers
dynamic environment
night illumination
cognitive difference
space cognition
