摘要
鄂尔多斯遗鸥保护区是典型的半干旱区内陆湖泊湿地,2002年被列为国际重要湿地,但是近年来湖泊面积急剧萎缩,一级保护动物遗鸥在此基本消失。为了查清湿地缺水的原因,并寻找解决的途径,基于SWAT模型,模拟了集水区的生态水文过程,结合气候演变规律,分析出该湿地缺水1004.3万m3。其中气候因素综合影响的水量为593.4万m3,饲草料基地建设共增加用水377.7万m3,植被封育减少径流24万m3,大口井和截伏流工程耗水9.2万m3。同时,计算了尾闾湿地的生态需水,从资源利用的角度调控集水区的生态水文过程,提出饲料地发展规模以不超过692hm2为宜、适当放牧以减少封育影响并节省饲料地用水、合理布设水利工程等措施,从而实现集水区坡面生态、尾闾湿地以及经济的协调发展。
Erdos Larus Relictus Nature Reserve is a typical inland wetland formed by a lake of semi-arid area,which was listed in the wetlands of international importance in 2002.Its rapid shrinking in recent years makes Larus relictus,the First-class National protected animal,almost disappear in this region.To explore the reasons for the lack of water in this wetland and more importantly to find the solutions to it,this paper performs a simulation of the eco-hydrological processes in the catchment based on the SWAT model.The simulation combined with an analysis of climate evolution indicates that as much as 10.043 million m3 is lacked in this wetland.Among the factors which cause the lacked water,climate factor resulted in 5.944 million m3,forage consumed 3777 thousand m3,vegetation construction reduced a runoff of 240 thousand m3,and square-built wells and JieFuliu projects consumed as much as 92thousand m3.Meanwhile,the ecological water demand of the wetland is calculated.To better utilize resources in the region,the author puts forward some measures of controlling eco-hydrological processes to achieve the coordinated development of slope ecology,wetland and economy in the catchment,i.e.,controlling the suitable scale of forage to be no more than 692 hm2,grazing appropriately to reduce the impact of vegetation construction,saving water,and laying out water conservancy projects reasonably.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期109-119,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关资助项目(2001BA610A-01
2004BA610A-01)
