摘要
采用野外调查取样和室内分析的方法,研究了长沙"百里水产走廊"主要养殖水域部分水质指标的变化状况及其污染分布特征,并采用单因子指数法与内梅罗指数相结合的多因子综合评价法评价了其水环境质量。结果表明,长沙"百里水产走廊"主要养殖水域夏季(丰水期)水质超标因子是化学需氧量(CODc)r、生化需氧量(BOD5)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP),最高分别超过国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类限值3.4、6.5、3.5和1.9倍,水质内梅罗指数为3.14,属于Ⅳ级重污染;冬季(枯水期)水质状况有所变化,水体溶解氧(DO)下降,氨氮(NH3-N)含量增加,主要超标因子仍为CODcr、BOD5、TN和TP,水质内梅罗指数为1.81,污染相对减轻,属于Ⅱ级轻度污染。不同水源、地理地貌和养殖类型与养殖水环境质量密切相关。养殖水体污染防治以减少内源污染和杜绝外源污染为主,此外可通过其它措施提高水体自净能力,出现富营养化趋势的水体可排入农田消纳,以确保水资源的有效利用和水产养殖的可持续发展。
Field survey and laboratory analysis were carried out to study the water quality value changes and pollution distribution of the main culturing waters of Changsha Baili Aquatic Zone, and it used single factor index combining with the Nemero index to evaluate the quality of its water environment. The results showed that in summer （wet season）, the exceeding standard factors are Chemical Oxygen Demand （CODcr）, Biochemical Oxygen Demand （BOD5）, Total Nitrogen （TN） and Total Phosphorus （TP） in water quality of main culturing waters in Changsha Baili Aquatic Zone. Those factors exceeded 3.4, 6.5, 3.5 and 1.9 times than type Ⅲ＇s limit of ＂National surface water environmental quality standard＂ （GB3838-2002）. Nemero index of the water quality is 3.14, belonging to heavy pollution level IV; in winter （dry season）, water quality has some changes. Those are DO dropping, ammonia nitrogen content increasing, but the main exceeding standard factors are still CODa, BODs, TN and TP. Nemero index of the water quality is 1.81 in levelⅡ, which is a relatively light pollution. Different water sources, the types of geographical landforms and cultures are closely related to the culture water environment quality. The measures to prevent and control culture water pollution are reducing endogenous pollution and eliminating external pollution sources, in addition, taking other measures to improve self-purification capacity of waters, and eutrophicated waters can be discharged into farmland for consuming. Those are in order to ensure the efficiently using of water resources and the sustainable development of aquaculture.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期90-94,共5页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
国家"十一.五"科技支撑计划项目(编号:2007BAD87B11)
长沙市科技支撑计划项目(编号:K070740-21)
关键词
水质调查
评价
水污染
长沙“百里水产走廊”
investigation of water quality
evaluation
water pollution
Changsha Baili Aquatic Zone
