摘要
在本刊连续6年评选年度"中国重大科学、技术与工程进展"的基础上,本着"分门别类、本刊推荐,专家遴选,宁缺毋滥、叙述事实、以时为序"的原则,从《科技导报》"半月科技新闻媒体关注指数排行榜"、"半月科技风云"、"国内科技要闻"、"科学共同体要闻"、"国内科技期刊亮点"、"封面图片说明"等栏目,以及国内外重要学术期刊和科技新闻媒体所刊载的有关重大国内科技新闻中,按"科学"、"技术"和"工程"3个类别,由本刊编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目,最终由有关专家学者投票推选出2009年度中国重大科学、技术和工程进展。①2009年中国重大科学进展10项:发现纳米孪晶铜的极值强度和超高加工硬化效应,β-arrestin2复合体信号缺损可导致胰岛素耐受,钠在高压条件下可转化为透明绝缘体,应用诱骗态量子密码技术建立安全通信网络的实际应用测试,禽流感病毒PA亚基N端晶体结构解析揭示其内切酶活性位点,中国陆地生态系统的碳平衡状况,超级杂交水稻LYP9及其亲本的转录组学分析研究,鸟类起源研究取得重要进展,通过使纳米管形成网状结构并与聚合物链分子耦合增强复合材料强度,高温铜氧化物超导体物性和超导机制研究取得重要进展;②2009年中国重大技术进展10项:国内首列实用型中低速磁悬浮列车运行试验,全球首台纳秒深紫外固态激光源实用化样机研制成功,建成世界上最大口径大视场光学天文望远镜,首座世界最先进的圆筒型超深水海洋钻探储油平台,新支线客机ARJ21-700完成首次城际飞行,首套年产千万吨级煤矿综采装备下线,完成世界上最清晰的全月球三维数字地形图,研制成功大容量钠硫储能电池,成功研制千万亿次超级计算机系统"天河"一号,首台自主研发2.0MW永磁直驱风力发电机设计完成;③2009年中国重大工程进展10项:神华煤直接液化百万吨级示范工程试车成功,中国首个特高压交流输变电工程建成并投入运营,"嫦娥"一号卫星成功撞月、探月一期工程圆满结束,世界上最长的隧道在辽宁全线贯通,上海同步辐射光源建成并投入使用,北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程完成,中国大陆首条自主设计海底隧道全线贯通,中国西南野生生物种质资源库通过国家验收,武广铁路客运专线成功试运行,世界上跨径最大的双层公路斜拉桥——上海闵浦大桥通车。
Based on the event every year for selecting the annual important advances about science, technology and engineering held by the Editorial Department of Science and Technology Review Publishing House, with the principles of evaluating within each branch, our journal recommendation, experts selection, putting quality before quantity, and giving facts in time order, 10 important scientific achievements, 10 important technological achievements and 10 important engineering achievements in China in 2009 were selected by relevant experts and scholars, based on candidate items recommended by our journal, which originated from a lot of scientific news in the columns ＂Sci-Tech News Ranking for the Half-month＂, ＂News Round＂, ＂Domestic News Briefs＂, ＂Domestic Journal Highlights＂, ＂Scientific Community Briefs＂, ＂Events＂ and ＂Cover Story＂ in Science and Technology Review, and key academic journals and scientific newspapers. These achievements included the discovery of the maximum strength in nanotwinned copper and ultra-high strain hardening effect, deficiency of a fl-arrestin-2 signal complex contributes to insulin resistance, a pressure-induced transformation of sodium into transparent insulating states, running test of the domestic first practical middle-low speed maglev train, the global first practical prototype of nanosecond solid-state deep UV laser source has been successfully developed, the world＇s largest diameter large field optical astronomical telescope has been built, successful trial run for megaton demonstration project of Shenhua coal direct liquefaction, completion and operation of the domestic first UHV AC Power transmission and transformation project, moon-landing success for Chang＇e-1 and perfect ending of the first phase project of China＇s lunar exploration, etc.
出处
《科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期19-29,共11页
Science & Technology Review
关键词
科学
技术
工程
重大进展
science
technology
engineering
advance
