摘要
塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程以地下水为灌溉水源,全线采用节水滴灌方式灌溉。全线共有108口水源井,水源井间距约4 km。以第69号水源井(38°41′12″N、83°22′16″E)为例,在距水源井120 m范围内设置了7个地下水监测井,利用潜水水位的动态观测数据,分析了抽水过程中水位的时空变化规律。研究结果表明:持续抽水过程中潜水水位变化可分为快下降和慢速下降两个阶段;潜水水位恢复过程可分为快速上升和慢速上升两个阶段。水位下降和上升的速度变化形成水位的空间差异,即降落漏斗的形成和消失。利用稳定流抽水试验计算得出含水层渗透系数为12.85 m/d。
The Taklimakan Desert,located in the center of the Tarim Basin,northwest China,is the arid center of the Eurasia Continent.It is an ideal place for carrying out research on the circulation systems of ocean-continent and continent-continent,as well as on the environmental effects of the Tibetan Plateau uplift.Tarim Desert Highway Shelterbelt Ecological Project,starting XiaoTang in north,ending the national road 315 in south,run though the Taklimakan Desert.A technology has been established for forestation using highly salinity water in extremely arid shifting desert environments,and the 436 km long shelterbelt ecological project along the Taklimakan Desert Highway has been completed.The drip irrigation with groundwater about 3-15 g /L,selection and determination of plants of high Stress as Calligonum,Tamarix,Haloxylon,Populus euphratica Oliv,etc were made three kinds of arrangement modes of both holding and fixing the sand as the forest belt structure,and planted nearly 20 million plants.Tarim Desert Highway Shelterbelt Ecological Project is not only the guarantee for safe running of Tarim Desert Highway for a long time,but also a great invention of sand prevention and control in the world,which made a strong impression on people in both domestic and overseas.Groundwater was the ecological project＇s sources of irrigation water,the whole rood greening uses water conservation of drip irrigation mode.The project have 108 water source wells,the spacing between two wells was about 4 km.The study area is located in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert at 38°41′12″N,83°22′16″E at an altitude of 1 073.8 m above sea level.In this paper,7 groundwater monitoring wells were set around No.69 water source well with 120 m space,With these wells,observed data of phreatic level＇s dynamic state was used to analyze water level＇s temporal and spatial variation course during pumping.The results show that variation of water level in pumping course appears two phase of speedup and slowdown.The time of maximum rising velocity have carry-forward tide in company with observer well and pumping well＇s distance increase.The phreatic level change process can divide to rapid decrease and slow drop two Phase in unremitting pump course.phreatic level recovery process can divide to quick climb and rose slowly two Phase.The velocity change of rising and falling of Water Level formatted water Level＇s space difference which is drawdown cone＇s formation and vanish.Using steady flow pumping test Calculation,it was 12.85 m/d that the average permeability coefficient of aquifer was worked out.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期16-22,共7页
Arid Land Geography
基金
中国科学院"西部博士资助项目""塔里木沙漠公路防护林咸水灌溉对包气带和地下水环境的影响"
中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-13)
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(200733144-3)
关键词
塔克拉玛干沙漠
地下水
抽水试验
潜水水位
Taklimakan Desert groundwater exploitation pumping test phreatic level
